CHN 3RD YEAR MOD 2

COMMUNITY

According to WHO, a group of people that may/may not be spatially connected but share common interests, concerns and identities”

• Common interests/characteristics

• Interacts with one another

• Sense of unity/belonging

• Functions collectively within a defined social structure to address common interests.

Formal structure

Officers, Elected officials (Brgy. Captains, etc.)

Informal structure

Barkada, Friends, People being looked up (Ex: Previous mayor itong tao na to, na kahit hindi na siya ang mayor, pinupuntahan parin siya for advice or help).

DIMENSIONS

• Aggregate of people

• Location in space & time

• A Social system

AGGREGATE OF PEOPLE

• Community composed of people who have similar demographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity) or common actvities, goals/concerns

o Even if they are not organized, PHN recognizes their unique needs as a community

people factors

Health related traits/factors that helps define a community

community of solution

Community may form when common problem/issues unite individuals

• Desire to address problem/issue brings people together to form their community

• Once problem is solved, they either disband/dissolve and goes on with their lives.

Ex: Aggregate of Senior Citizens who have common concerns (maintenance of health or common goals).

Space

place where people live (brgy., district, rural/urban).

Time

changes & events in the community over time (history, traditions, health trends, seasonal diseases).

Geopolitical community

a community defined by clear boundaries like barangays, municipalities or districts.

highly defined by their geographical landmarks such as barangays or districts whether urban or rural.

• Physical location/geographic boundaries of people may define a community.

• Strongly influences the type of health problem that the nurse may identify.

A SOCIAL SYSTEM

• How people are connected & organized (families, schools, churches, government, health centers, businesses, organizations).

• It shows the roles, relationships and patterns of interaction that affect health.

FOR CHN:

• Helps identify who influences health decisions (e.g., barangay captain, teachers, religious leaders).

• Guides how health programs can be accepted and supported by the people.

• Shows existing support systems that can be used in promoting health (family, peers, institutions)

RURAL COMMUNITIES

• Population: Small, spread out.

• Health facilities: Few, often barangay health stations or rural health units.

• Access to care: Limited, long travel time to hospitals.

• Common health issues: Malnutrition, communicable diseases, maternal & child health problems, agricultural-related injuries.

Role of CHN: More on basic primary care, health education and outreach because services are scarce

URBAN COMMUNITIES

• Population: Large, dense.

• Health facilities: More hospitals, clinics, specialists available.

• Access to care: Easier in terms of proximity but can be overcrowded.

• Common health issues: Lifestyle diseases (HTN, DM), pollution-related problems, stress, accidents.

Role of CHN: More on disease prevention, managing chronic illnesses and coordinating care because of fast-paced lifestyle and high demand.

PEOPLE (AGGREGATE)

• Health depends on the characteristics of the population — age, lifestyle, occupation, beliefs.

Example: A community with many elderly will face more chronic illnesses; a community of farmers may have pesticide-related risks.

LOCATION (SPACE/GEOPOLITICAL)

• The environment and geography affect health.

Example: Coastal areas may have more fish-borne diseases; urban areas may suffer from pollution; rural areas may lack access to hospitals.

SOCIAL SYSTEM

• Refers to how people are organized and supported.

Example: Communities with strong family ties, active barangay leaders, and functioning health centers handle health problems better than those with weak systems.

HEALTHY COMMUNITY – OTTAWA CHARTER (WHO, 1986)

• “Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health”
• Health as a resource, not and end
• Holistic view
• Empowerment
• Positive concept
• Shared responsibility

Holistic view

Health includes physical, mental, and social well-being

Empowerment

– Individuals and groups must be able to identify aspirations, meet needs, and adapt to or change their environment

Positive concept

Health emphasizes social and personal resources alongside physical capacities

Shared responsibility

Health promotion goes beyond the health sector and healthy lifestyles, extending to overall well-being

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

• Nursing has evolved alongside advances in medical science, technology, and health care systems.

• Public Health Nursing (PHN) roles have expanded and adapted to new challenges.

• Shift from a traditional physician’s assistant role to broader responsibilities.

• Current roles include health advocate, program manager, and leader in planning, implementing, and evaluating health programs.

QUALIFICATIONS & FUNCTIONS

Standards of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines developed by the National League of Philippine Government Nurses in 2005 described the ________ of a Public Health Nurse.

Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing

expects beginning professional nurses to be able to perform three roles:

health care provider, manager leader, and researcher. However, community and public health nurses take on additional roles due to the realities of their changing times and age.

MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

• Inherent in the practice of the PHN

• Performed when the PHN organizes the “nursing service” of the local health agency

• Five Management Functions: (POSDC)

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Staffing

4. Directing

5. Controlling

SUPERVISORY FUNCTION

• Generally, the PHN is the ______ of the midwives and other auxiliary health workers in the catchment area.

• As a _____, the PHN formulates a ______ plan and conducts ______ visits to implement the plan.

• The PHN conducts _____ visits using a ________ checklist.

NURSING CARE FUNCTION

• an inherent function of the nurse.

• The practice of the PHN is based on the science and art of caring.

• The PHN is caring for individuals, families, and communities toward health promotion and disease prevention.

• Home Visits are must activities of the PHN

COLLABORATING & COORDINATING FUNCTION

• This function of the PHN brings activities or group of activities systematically into proper relation or harmony with each other.

• PHNs are the care coordinators for communities and their members.

• The PHN establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other health professionals, government agencies, the private sector, NGOs, and POs to address health problems.

HEALTH PROMOTION & EDUCATION FUNCTION

• PHNs are expected to teach on a daily basis as part of their practice.

• Nurses must have a solid knowledge base, recognize cues from the client that indicate the need to learn.

• Client teaching requires great involvement by both the nurse and the client.

TRAINING FUNCTION

• The PHN initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and other auxiliary workers.

• Conducts training needs assessment, design training programs, and conducts these programs in collaboration with other resource persons.

RESEARCH FUNCTION

• The PHN participates in the conduct of research and utilize research findings in the practice of the profession.

o Disease surveillance

§ To measure the magnitude of the problem

§ To measure the effect of the control program