exam 3 - respiration and fermentation

what is the mitochondrial function?

it is the powerhouse of the cell to make energy. it takes glucose and oxygen to produce atp so the cell can grow, repair, and move

what is glucose metabolism?

it is the process where the cells break down glucose to produce energy in the form of atp

how does glucose metabolism work?

the body will use the glucose to make energy from the food you consume. once the glucose enters the cell it will break down during glycolysis to create a large amount of atp from the mitochondria, this energy will be used for the cell to grow, repair, and move

where does glycolysis take place, what goes in, and what comes out?

it takes place in the cytoplasm, glucose and atp as the investment phase go in to produce 2 pyruvates, 2 nadh, and 2 atp

where does pyruvate processing take place, what goes in, and what comes out?

it takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, 2 pyruvates go in to produce 2 acetyl coa, 2 nadh as well as co2 as a by product

where does the citric acid cycle take place, what goes in, and what comes out?

it takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, 2 acetyl coa go in and each need 3 nad, 1 fad, and 1 adp to produce 6 nadh, 2 fash, and 2 atp

where does the electron transport chain take place, what goes in, and what comes out?

it takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 10 nadh, 2 fadh, and oxygen go in to produce 29-32 atp, 10 nad+, 2 fad+, and water, this is when chemiosmosis occurs

what is atp synthase? where is it found?

it is a protein that makes atp in the mitochondria and it is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane

how does atp synthase work? (three steps)

step one is when the protons build up because the etc pumps the protons to one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane to create pressure, step two is when the protons flow through the atp synthase to cause it to spin, step three is when the atp is formed because the spinning causes the shape of the atp synthase to force adp and phosphate to join

whwre does atp synthase get its energy from? how is this coupled to nadh?

the protons flowing through and the stored energy is called a proton gradient. the nadh carries high energy electrons and it donates those electrons to the etc where the energy is released to pump the protons across the membrane to create the proton gradient to power atp synthase

how does the protons get into the intermembrane space during the electron transport chain?

the energy released as electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through complexes 1, 3, and 4 of the etc to produce a high concentration in the inner membrane space and a low concentration in the mitochondrial matrix