EARLY CHRISTIAN & BYZANTINE

Western (Rome) & Eastern (Byzantine) 

Emperor Diocletian divided the Empire into two (2) divisions

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (WESTERN ROME)

Recognized Pope as person of authority beside the Emperor

BYZANTINE EMPIRE (EASTERN ROME)

Does not recognize the Pope as authority, start of Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Simplicity in Design and Treatment, Coarseness in Execution, Transitional Architecture (from Roman basilicas)

3 characteristics of Early Christian Architecture

Monumental structure, Intricate ornamentation, Symmetrical Central Plans

3 characteristics of Byzantine Architecture

Trabeated (Post and Lintel), Arcuated (Arches, Vaults, and Domes)

2 System of Construction of Early Christian Architecture

Pendentives and Central Domes, Roman Concrete and Brickwork

2 System of Construction of Byzantine Architecture

Arcade

a series of arches and columns supporting the walls

Roman concrete, bricks, mosaics

Byzantine Building Materials

Early Christian Architecture

RECTANGULAR & CIRCULAR PLA

Byzantine Architecture

GREEK CROSS PLAN

apse

semi-circular chapel at the end of the nave used for the throne of the bishop and the altar

Side aisle

walkway of a church running parallel

NARTHEX

the entrance hall or porch preceding the nave of a church

Ambulatory

a passageway around the apse church

Antepodium

A seat behind the choir reserved for clergy

Bema

a stage reserved for the clergy

Chevet

the apse, ambulatory, & radiating terminal of church

Clerestorey

an upper stage in the church w/do. above the adjacent roof priest with the flatform roof.

Clergy

priest with the religious elders

Dias

raised flatform reserved for the seatingf of speakers or dignitaries.

Oratory

samll private chapel furnished w/ an altar and crucifix

Rederos

an ornamental screen or wall at the back of the altar

Transept

portion of churching crossing the main axis at the right angle and forming cruciform plan

tribune

a slightly elevated flatform or Dias for the speaker.

triforium

roof over the aisles below the clerestorey

Sepulcher

a tomb or a receptacles

Basilicas

Baptistery

Tombs

decorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stone, glass, and marble.

Mosaics

decorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stone, glass, and marble.

OLD ST. PETER’S BASILICA

Considered the prototype for Early Christian architecture adapted from Roman basilica layouts

BASILICA OF SANTA SABINA

Originally a house of a Roman noblewoman

BASILICA OF SANTA PUDENZIANA

Recognized as the eldest historical place of worship in Rome

BASILICA PAPALE DI SAN PAOLO FUORI LE MURA

The basilica was founded by the Roman Emperor Constantine I over the burial place of Saint Paul

SANTA MARIA MAGGIORE

The largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy.

SAN CLEMENTE AL LATERANO

the structure is a three-tiered complex of buildings

SANTA SABINA

the oldest Roman basilica in Rome that preserves its original colonnaded

BAPTISTERY

Used only for the sacrament of baptism, on festivals, of Easter, Pentecost and Epiphany

LATERAN BAPTISTERY

This baptistery was founded by Pope Sixtus III in 440

TOMBS

Usually domed and enriched with lavish mosaic decorations

TOMB OF GALLA PACIDIA, RAVENNA

Is a cruciform chapel or oratory that originally adjoined the narthex of the Church of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce) in Ravenna.

HAGIA SOPHIA (CHURCH OF HOLY WISDOM)

Later converted to a mosque by the Ottoman Empire, then to a museum, then reverted to a mosque

HAGIA IRENE

Original church was destroyed but was rebuilt and now used as a music and place for music eventsAlso converted into a mosque by the Ottoman Empire

CHURCH OF SAINT CATHERINE

Also converted into a mosque by the Ottoman Empire

Column of the Hagia Sophia