Inheritance & Genetics - Subunit 1: Introduction to Genetics and Punnet Squares

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9 Terms

1
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What are alleles?

Alleles are alternate forms of a gene

2
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What do alleles control?

The contrasting characteristics of each trait

3
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What are dominant alleles?

  • Alleles that will always express itself

  • Symbolised by capital letters

4
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What are recessive alleles?

  • Alleles that will only express themselves in the absence of dominant alleles

  • Symbolised by lower case letters

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What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup (combination of alleles) of an organism

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What is a phenotype?

The physical feature/appearance of an organism

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What is the relationship between a phenotype and a genotype?

The phenotype is an expression of the genotype

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What does homozygous (pure bred) mean?

Means that an organism has two identical alleles for a trait

  • e.g. BB or bb

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What does heterozygous (hybrid) mean?

Means that an organism has two different alleles for a trait

  • e.g. Bb

  • The recessive allele is hidden by the dominant allele