AP Chemistry Acids and Bases Test

amphiprotic/ amphoteric

can be both and acid or a base

Arrhenius acid

when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of Hydorgen

Arrhenius base

when dissolved in water, increases the concentrations of hydroxide ions

Bronsted-Lowry acid

proton donor

Bronsted-Lowry base

proton acceptor

Lewis acid

electron pair acceptors

Lewis base

electron pair donors

strong acids

HCl, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

strong bases

soluble hydroxide, alkali metals (first column) and heavier alkali earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba)

percent ionization

[H30+]/[HA] x 100

polyprotic acids

pH depends on the first dissociation

K total

Ka1xKa2xKa3…

Find Kb

KaxKb=1E-14

what makes a cation more acidic

greater charge and smaller size

acid strength

increasing polarity of the H-X bond making it easier to remove the H+ ion and increasing the acid strength

acidity increase

left to right across row and top to bottom of group, increases with number of Oxygens

half equivalence point of weak acid

pH=pKa