Angol szig 1

Scarcity

Refers to the limited availability of resources compared to unlimited human wants. Szűkösség

Opportunity Cost

The value of the next best alternative that is given up when making a decision. Alternatív költség

Allocation of Resources

The distribution of available resources among different uses in an economy. Erőforrás-allokáció

Economic Output

The total production of goods and services in an economy. Gazdasági kibocsátás

Value Added

The increase in value created at a stage of production. Hozzáadott érték

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

The total value of final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. Bruttó hazai termék (GDP)

GDP per Capita

GDP divided by population; indicator of average living standards. Egy főre jutó GDP

Standard of Living

The level of wealth, comfort and material goods available to a population. Életszínvonal

Aggregate Demand

The total demand for goods and services in an economy. Aggregált kereslet

Aggregate Supply

The total supply of goods and services produced in an economy. Aggregált kínálat

Market Equilibrium

The situation where demand equals supply at a certain price. Piaci egyensúly

Inflation

A sustained increase in the general price level. Infláció

Purchasing Power

The amount of goods and services that money can buy. Vásárlóerő

Price Stability

A situation where inflation is low and predictable. Árstabilitás

Monetary Policy

Central bank actions to control money supply and interest rates. Monetáris politika

Monetary Tightening

An increase in interest rates or reduction in money supply to reduce inflation. Monetáris szigorítás

Fiscal Policy

Government decisions on taxation and public spending. Fiskális politika

Fiscal Stimulus

Government spending or tax cuts aimed at stimulating economic growth. Fiskális ösztönzés

Budget Deficit

When government spending exceeds government revenue. Költségvetési hiány

Public Debt

The total amount of money owed by the government. Államadósság

Labour market

The market where workers supply labour and firms demand labour. Munkaerőpiac

Labour Shortage

A situation where demand for workers exceeds supply. Munkaerőhiány

Structural Unemployment

Unemployment caused by a mismatch between skills and job requirements. Strukturális munkanélküliség

Productivity

Output produced per unit of input (e.g., per worker). Termelékenység

Productivity Growth

Increase in output per worker over time. Termelékenységnövekedés

Competitiveness

The ability of a country or firm to compete successfully in global markets. Versenyképesség

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Investment made by a company in one country into business operations in another. Külföldi közvetlen tőkebefektetés

Trade Balance

The difference between exports and imports. Külkereskedelmi mérleg

Trade Surplus

When exports exceed imports. Kereskedelmi többlet

Economic Growth

Increase in a country’s real GDP over time. Gazdasági növekedés

Economic Development

Improvement in living standards and quality of life. Gazdasági fejlődés

Business Cycle

Fluctuations of economic activity over time (expansion and recession). Gazdasági ciklus

Structural Reform

Policy changes aimed at improving long-term economic performance. Strukturális reform

Convergence

Process of poorer countries catching up to richer ones in income levels. Felzárkózás

Small Open Economy

An economy highly dependent on international trade and capital flows. Kis, nyitott gazdaság