Unit 1 Exam (Dual Credit Biology)

A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryote?

Nuclear Membrane

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

Reductionism

A double-stranded DNA molecule with three guanine and five thiamine nucleotides (in 5 3 strand) has how many nucleotides in total?

16

Three important research developments that have made the genomic and proteomic approaches possible are ________.

High throughput technology, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary research teams

What provides these evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

Near universality of the genetic code

What branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

Taxonomy

Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?

One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion, Communicate Result

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

An experiment includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential. Four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter. Which of the following elements account of most of the remaining 4% of an organism’s mass?

calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur

Atoms have no electric charge because they have _____.

an equal number of protons and electrons

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has ann atomic number of ____

6

To find out the number of neutrons in an atom, we need to know the following.

mass and atomic number

Van de Waals interactions may result under which of the following conditions?

electorns are enot symmetrically distributed in a molecule

Which of the following statments describes on major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eurkaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which of the following are compounds?

H2O and CH4, but not O2

A covalent bond is likely to be polar under which of the following conditons?

One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

Which of the following types of bond is broken when water evaporates?

Hydrogen bonds

How many electrons participate in a triple covalent bond?

6

Which of of the following describes the correct trends in electronegativity in the periodic table?

increases across a period and decreases down a group

How is a covalent bond form?

two atoms share two electrons

Which of the following microscopy techniques is best suited for visualizing protein complexes in their cellular environments without the use of preservatives?

cryo-electron microscopy

Which of the following statements describes a major advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy?

light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells

which of the following is the most appropiate techniques for observing the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

standard light microscopy

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, white prokaryotic cells do not.

Which of the following pairs of organisms groups consist solely of prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?`

ribosomes

Which of the following areas in bacterial cells best describes where chromosomal DNA is generally located?

In the nucleoid

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotic cells?

it regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that the cell is actively producing large amounts of which the following molecules?

proteins

proteins

Which of the following organelles often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell?

Central vacuole

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the production and medication of polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparratus

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cells will generally follow wich of the pathways listed below?

rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, plasma membrane

Disruption of the function of which of the following organelles would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Peroxisomes in liver cells detoxify alcohol by removing hydrogen atoms and combing them with which of the following molecules?

with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

A particular cell contains the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. Based on this composition, it could be a cell from which of the following organisms?

nearly any eukaryotic organism

A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

nearly any eukaryotic mitochondria

Which of the following molecules is required by cells to assemble cilia or flagella?

tubulin

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells treated with vinblastine would most likely be unable to perform which of the following cellular functions?

separate chromosomes during cell division

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. Which of the following processes will be unaffected in cells treated with cytochalasin D?

movement of transport vesicles in the cytosol

Which of the following statements describes a primary functions of integrins?

transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which the following structures?

gap junctions

Passive leakage of partially digested material from the smalll intestine into the human abdominal cavity may result from defects in which of the following type of intercellular junction?

tight junctions

Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?

Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insights into the structure and organization of the living system

which statement about ecological organization is correct?

A community is part of a population

Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of which of the following?

positive feedback regulation

Which of the following is the correct order of organization of genetic material from the smallest to largest?

nucleotide, gene, chromsome, genome