UNIT 16 - Pedigrees and Karyotypes

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10 Terms

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pedigree chart

a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next

<p>a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next</p>
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complete dominance

a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another

<p>a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another</p>
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autosomal recessive

two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop

<p>two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop</p>
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autosomal dominant

inheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome

<p>inheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome</p>
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karyotype

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

<p>the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species</p>
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nondisjunction

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei

<p>the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei</p>
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trisomy

a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities

<p>a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities</p>
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trisomy 21

condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes, resulting in Down syndrome

<p>condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes, resulting in Down syndrome</p>
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Turner's Syndrome

a genetic defect in which affected women have only one X chromosome, causing developmental abnormalities and infertility

<p>a genetic defect in which affected women have only one X chromosome, causing developmental abnormalities and infertility</p>
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Klinefelter Syndrome

a chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X chromosome resulting in an XXY condition; affected individuals typically have reduced fertility

<p>a chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X chromosome resulting in an XXY condition; affected individuals typically have reduced fertility</p>