Studied by 4 people
The Americas (1700)
Overseas empires begin to show interest.
Peru (1700)
Under Spanish control for another century.
Japan (1700)
Isolated from the rest of the world.
Japan's Population (1700)
Indicates a strong economy despite size.
Silk Road Population (1700)
Larger populations concentrated along trade routes.
North America (1750)
Spain controls Mexico; West remains untouched.
North America (1800)
America gains independence and territory via purchase.
New Spain (1800)
Expands into North America, affecting local tribes.
Christianity in New Spain
Introduced violently to support government control.
Native American Enslavement
Government practices forced labor on indigenous peoples.
Latin America Independence (1830)
Most colonies declare independence from Spain.
Viceroyalty of Spain (1800)
Expanded further into North America.
Polish-Lithuania (1750)
Disbanded during this period.
French Revolution (1789-1799)
Major political upheaval in France.
Storming of the Bastille
Key event on July 14, 1789.
Qing China (1900)
Disbanded; faced colonial pressures from several nations.
India (1857)
Majority taken over by British control.
Africa (1800)
Composed of individual tribes and nations.
Africa (1900)
Divided into European colonies disregarding tribes.
Adam Smith
Father of Modern Economics; wrote The Wealth of Nations.
Invisible Hand
Market self-regulation through individual self-interest.
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone, revolutionizing communication.
Alfred Dreyfus
Falsely accused officer; sparked antisemitism scandal.
Baron Montesquieu
Advocated separation of powers in government.
Cecil Rhodes
British imperialist who expanded colonial power in Africa.
De Beers Diamond Company
Founded by Rhodes, key player in diamond industry.
Rhodesia
Former name of Zimbabwe and Zambia, established by Rhodes.
Charles Fourier
French theorist who promoted utopian socialism.
Phalansteries
Ideal communities envisioned by Charles Fourier.
Utopian Socialist
Advocate for ideal societies and cooperative living.
Matthew Perry
U.S. officer who opened Japan to trade.
Isolationism
Japan's policy before Perry's intervention.
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin, revolutionized cotton production.
Cotton Gin
Machine that increased efficiency of cotton processing.
Emperor Guangxu
Chinese emperor who attempted modernization reforms.
Hundred Days' Reform
Guangxu's short-lived attempt to modernize China.
Empress Dowager Cixi
Conservative ruler opposing modernization in China.
Francis Bacon
Philosopher who championed the scientific method.
Scientific Method
Process of observation and experimentation in science.
Friedrich Engels
Co-founder of Marxism and co-author of The Communist Manifesto.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Key figure in the unification of Italy.
Red Shirts
Garibaldi's volunteer army in Italian unification.
Guglielmo Marconi
Inventor of radio, revolutionized long-distance communication.
Henri de Saint-Simon
Proposed society organized around industrialism and science.
Industrialism
Societal organization based on industrial production.
Isaac Newton
Influential physicist known for laws of motion.
Calculus
Mathematical field developed by Isaac Newton.
Isaac Newton
Revolutionized understanding of the universe; classical mechanics.
James Watt
Inventor who improved steam engine efficiency.
Industrial Revolution
Period transforming transportation and manufacturing.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Philosopher advocating individual liberty and social contract.
The Social Contract
1762 work arguing government derives power from consent.
John Locke
Philosopher advocating natural rights and government protection.
Natural Rights
Life, liberty, and property as fundamental rights.
American Revolution
Influenced by Locke's ideas on government and rights.
John Stuart Mill
Philosopher advocating individual liberty and women's rights.
19th-century Liberalism
Political ideology influenced by Mill's ideas.
Karl Marx
Philosopher and economist known for Marxism.
The Communist Manifesto
1848 work outlining class struggle and communism.
Das Kapital
Marx's critique of political economy and capitalism.
Mahmud II
Sultan who implemented Tanzimat reforms in Ottoman Empire.
Tanzimat Reforms
Modernization efforts including military and legal reforms.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Early feminist advocating for women's equality and education.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1792 work arguing for women's rights and participation.
Muhammed Ali
Ruler modernizing Egypt and establishing independence.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French leader who spread revolutionary ideals across Europe.
Napoleonic Code
Legal reforms influencing European legal systems.
Military Victories
Napoleon's conquests reshaped European political landscape.
Social Transformation
Economic and social changes during Muhammed Ali's rule.
Feminist Thought
Wollstonecraft's ideas laid foundation for gender equality.
Otto von Bismarck
First Chancellor of Germany, unified Germany.
Iron Chancellor
Bismarck's nickname for his strong leadership.
Realpolitik
Practical politics used by Bismarck.
Richard Arkwright
Inventor who advanced the Industrial Revolution.
Water Frame
Arkwright's invention improving textile machinery.
Robert Owen
Utopian socialist advocating for worker rights.
Cooperative Movement
Owen's influence on collective economic practices.
Simon Bolivar
Venezuelan leader known as 'The Liberator'.
Liberation Campaigns
Bolivar's military efforts against Spanish rule.
Theodor Herzl
Father of modern Zionism, advocated for Jewish state.
Der Judenstaat
Herzl's work promoting a Jewish state in Palestine.
Thomas Hobbes
Philosopher arguing for absolute sovereignty in Leviathan.
Leviathan
Hobbes' work on social order and governance.
Thomas Paine
Revolutionary thinker advocating for American independence.
Common Sense
Paine's pamphlet promoting independence from Britain.
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution for independence.
Haitian Revolution
Movement establishing Haiti as a black republic.
Voltaire
Enlightenment philosopher advocating for free speech.
Freedom of Speech
Voltaire's key idea promoting individual expression.
Abolitionism
Movement aimed at ending slavery globally.
Key Figures of Abolitionism
Prominent activists like Wilberforce and Tubman.
Capitalism
Economic system of private ownership and profit.
Key Principles of Capitalism
Includes competition, free trade, limited government intervention.
Capitalism
Economic system driving growth and innovation, causing inequalities.
Conservatism
Political philosophy emphasizing tradition and social stability.
Limited Government Intervention
Minimal government involvement in economic and social affairs.
National Defense
Strong military capability to protect national interests.
Deism
Philosophy prioritizing reason and natural law over dogma.
Creator God
Belief in a god who initiates but does not intervene.
Empiricism
Philosophy emphasizing experience and observation for knowledge.
