Studied by 11 peopleBaptist churches
________ have the largest number of adherents in the United States, about 37 million combined over age 5.
Gobind Singh
Only God is perfect, but people have the capacity for continual improvement and movement toward perfection by taking individual responsibility for their deeds and actions on Earth, such as heartfelt, adoration, devotion, and surrender to the one God Sikhisms most important ceremony, introduced by the tenth guru, ________ (1666- 1708), is the Amrit (or Baptism), in which Sikhs declare they will uphold the principles of the faith.
Jesus
________ was born a Jew, and Muhammad traced his ancestry to Abraham.
Confucianism
________ prescribed a series of ethical principles for the orderly conduct of daily life in China, such as following traditions, fulfilling obligations, and treating others with sympathy and respect.
Southeast Asia
In ________, Buddhists were hurt by the long Vietnam War- waged between the French and later by the Americans, on one side, and Communist groups on the other.
Hindus
________ believe that it is up to the individual to decide the best way to worship God.
Eastern Europe
The end of Communist rule in the late twentieth century brought a religious revival in ________, especially where Roman Catholicism is the most prevalent branch of Christianity, including Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
India
In theory, the untouchables were descended from the indigenous people who dwelled in ________ prior to the Aryan conquest.
Judaism
________ is classified as an ethnic, rather than a universalizing, religion in part because its major holidays are based on events in the agricultural calendar of the religion's homeland in present- day Israel.
fundamental division
A branch is a large and ________ within a religion.
Cambodia
Therapists comprise about 38 percent of Buddhists esp* ecially in ________, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Cremation
________ is considered an act of purification, although it tends to strain Indias wood supply.
Baha
________ 'i also spread rapidly during the late twentieth century, when a temple was constructed on every continent.
Marxism
________ became the official doctrine of the Soviet Union, so religious doctrine was a potential threat to the success of the revolution.
government administrator
Although a(n) ________ by profession, Lao- Zis writings emphasized the mystical and magical aspects of life rather than the importance of public service which Confucius had emphasized.
ancient Rome
In ________, underground passages known as catacombs were used to bury early Christians (and to protect the faithful when the religion was still illegal)
agricultural cycle
Christians may relate Easter to the ________, but that relationship differs depending on where they live.
Indian army
In 1984, the ________ attacked the Golden Temple at Amritsar and killed approximately a thousand Sikhs defending the temple.
virtuous person
A(n) ________ draws power (de or le) from being absorbed in dao.
Iran
Shiites compromise nearly 90 percent of the population in ________ and more than half of the population in Azerbaijan, Iraq, and the less populous countries of Oman and Bahrain.
mosque
A(n) ________ is a place for public ceremony, and a leader calls the faithful to prayer, but everyone is expected to participate equally in the rituals and is encouraged to pray privately.
Conflict
________ in the Middle East is among the world's longest- standing and most intractable.
Christianity
The origins of ________, Islam, and Buddhism are recorded in the relatively recent past, but Hinduism existed prior to recorded history.
Siddhartha Gautama
The founder of Buddhism, ________, was born about 563 B.C.
Islam
________ teaches that as he began to preach the truth that God had revealed to him, Muhammad suffered persecution, and in 622 he was commanded by God to emigrate.
Uthman
________ was a member of a powerful Makkah clan that had initially opposed Muhammad before the clan's conversion to Islam.
Roman Catholic immigrants
________ have frequently given religious place names, or toponyms, to their settlements in the New World, particularly in Quebec and the U.S. Southwest.
Last Supper
After sharing the ________ (the Jewish Passover seder) with his disciples in Jerusalem, Jesus was arrested and put to death as an agitator.
Africa
________ is now 46 percent Christian- split about evenly among Roman, Catholic, Protestant, and other- and another 40 percent are Muslims.
Encyclopaedia Britannica
According to ________, Roman Catholics comprise 51 percent of the worlds Christians, Protestants 24 percent, and Orthodox 11 percent.
3 million
All but ________ Sikhs are clustered in the Punjab region of India; Bahais are dispersed among many countries, primarily in Africa and Asia.
Sarnath
The Dhamek pagoda at ________, built in the third century B.C., is probably the oldest surviving structure in India.
Canada
________ (except Quebec) and the United States have Protestant majorities because their early colonists came primarily from Protestant England.
Old City
The ________ of Jerusalem, which contained the famous religious shrines, became part of the Muslim country of Jordan.
Eastern Mediterranean
Most Jews have not lived in the ________ since A.D. 70, when the Romans forced them to disperse throughout the world, an action known as the diaspora, from the Greek word for "dispersion ..
North America
Within ________, Roman Catholics are clustered in the southwestern and northeastern United States and the Canadian province of Quebec.
Hinduism
________ does not have a central authority or a single holy book, so each individual selects suitable rituals.
Mediterranean Sea
The northern half of Israel is a strip of land 80 kilometers (50 miles) wide between the ________ and the Jordan River.
Burial
________ is reserved for children, ascetics, and people with certain diseases.
Rituals
________ are performed to pray for favorable environmental conditions or to give thanks for past success.
Tibetan
________ Buddhists also practice exposure for some dead, with cremation reserved for the most exalted priests.
Indian Ocean
A 2 040- square- kilometer (788- square- mile) island located in the ________ 800 kilometers (500 miles) east of Madagascar, Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638, so it had no traditional ethnic religion.
distinctive cultural identity
In a world increasingly dominated by a global culture and economy, religious fundamentalism is one of the most important ways in which a group can maintain a(n) ________.
Sukkot
________ derived from the Hebrew word for the booths, or temporary shelters, occupied by Jews during their wandering in the wilderness for 40 years after fleeing Egypt.
Orthodoxy
________ comprises the faith and practices of a collection of churches that arose in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
Shintoism
Since ancient times, ________ has been the distinctive ethnic religion of Japan.
fifth century
The split between the Roman and Eastern churches dates to the ________, as a result of rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarchy of Constantinople, which was especially intense after the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Sikhism
________ and Bahai are the two universalizing religions other than Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism with the largest number of adherents.
Mahayanists
________ claim that their approach to Buddhism can help more people because it is less demanding and all- encompassing.
Although these and other deities and approaches are supported throughout India, some geographic concentration exists
Siva and Shakti are concentrated in the north Shakti and Vishnu in the east Vishnu in the west; and Siva, along with some Vishnu, in the south
universalizing religion
attempts to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location
ethnic religion
appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place
branch
a large and fundamental division within a religion
denomination
a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
set
a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
monotheism
the belief that there is only one God
polytheism
practiced by neighboring people, who worshipped a collection of gods
animism
traditional ethnic religions
missionaries
individuals who help to transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion
pagan
follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times
ghettos
city neighborhoods set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews
pilgrimage
a journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred
cosmogony
a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
solstice
has special significance in some ethnic religions
hierarchical religion
a well-defined geographic structure and organizes territory into local administrative units
autonomous religions
self-sufficient, and interaction among communities is confined to little more than loose cooperation and shared ideas
caste
the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu was assigned according to religious law
fundamentalism
a literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect)
Note
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