2B. SPHERICAL MIRRORS

Spherical Mirrors

Curved mirrors that has the curvature of a sphere

Radius of Curvature

* Tells us @@how far from being flat the mirror is@@
* Same as the @@radius of the hypothetical sphere@@

Illustrating Spherical Mirrors

C - Center of Curvature

V - Vertex

F - Focus/Focal point

Principal Axis - horizontal line passing through the center of the mirror

R - radius of curvature

f - focal length (distance between the focus and the vertex)

Focal length formula

f - 1/2\*R

Distances in Spherical Mirrors

dₒ - object distance

* distance between the object and the vertex

\
dᵢ - image distance

* distance between the image and the vertex

Concave Mirror

* Curving inwards
* The inside of the hypothetical sphere is reflective
* %%Curves away%% from the object
* Produces %%more than one kind of image%%

Ray 1 Diagram

Ray 1 - tip of object to focal point (F)

Ray 2 Diagram

Ray 2 - bottom to c

Concave Mirror - Case 1

Location of Object: At Infinity

Location of Image: At F

Type of Image: Real

Orientation of Image: Inverted

Height of Image: Diminished

Concave Mirror - Case 2

Location of Object: Beyond C

Location of Image: Between C and F

Type of Image: Inverted

Orientation of Image: Diminished

Height of Image: Real

Concave Mirror - Case 3

Location of Object: At C

Location of Image: At C

Type of Image: Real

Orientation of Image: Inverted

Height of Image: Same as object

Concave Mirror - Case 4

Location of Object: Between C and F

Location of Image: Beyond C

Type of Image: Real

Orientation of Image: Inverted

Height of Image: Magnified

Concave Mirror - Case 5

Location of Object: At F

Location of Image: At infinity

Type of Image:

Orientation of Image: No Image

Height of Image:

Concave Mirror - Case 6

Location of Object: Between F and V

Location of Image: Behind the mirror

Type of Image: Virtual

Orientation of Image: Upright

Height of Image: Magnified

Convex Mirrors

* Curving outwards
* The outside of the hypothetical sphere is reflective

Convex Mirror - Case 1

Location of Object: Infront of the Mirror

Location of Image: Behind the Mirror

Type of Image: Virtual

Orientation of Image: Upright

Height of Image: Diminished

Mirror Equation

1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ

Lateral Magnification

M = -dᵢ/dₒ (distance)

\
M = hᵢ/hₒ (height)

Magnification Cases

|M| = 1 -- unmagnified (same size as object)

|M| > 1 -- enlarged (larger than object)

|M| < 1 -- diminished (smaller than object)