Biology 1 Honors- Unit 1

What does CER stand for?

Claim, Evidence, Reasoning 

What is its purpose? (CER)

Its purpose is to act as a framework for making explanations in the science classroom. 

What are the 8 characteristics of life that we discussed?

Metabolism, Reproduction, Stimulus Response, DNA, Cells, Homeostasis, Evolution, Growth/Development

What is water made of?

H2O

What does polar mean?

Polar means unequal sharing of electrons. 

Which atom(s) pull electrons towards it?

Oxygen

What are the partial charges of a water molecule?

2 positive hydrogen,  1 negative oxygen

What type of bond is between water molecules?

Hydrogen bond 

Name to properties of water.

Cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension, universal solvent, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, specific heat capacity 

Water dissolves many things meaning it is a good

Solvent

If something is “water-loving” it is called…Can it dissolve in water?

Hydrophilic, Yes

If something is water fearing it is called…Can it dissolve in water?

Hydrophobic, No

What are the four macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic acids

What does it mean that all macromolecules are organic?

They contain carbon

what is the reaction that connect monomers?

Dehydration synthesis

What is the reaction that breaks down polymers ?

Hydrolysis

What are the main three types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 

Sugar, starches, fiber 

What is glucose?

Glucose is a sugar and the most abundant monosaccharide, which is a carbohydrate. 

Which polysaccharide is found in cell walls of plants?

Cellulose

What is the unifying characteristic of lipids?

Hydrophobic

3 main types of lipids

Triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature 

Saturated: solid at room temperature

Where can you find phospholipids?

The cell membrane of the cell 

What is the monomer of a protein called?

Amino acids

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

RNA and DNA 

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA: double helix (doubled stranded)

RNA: single helix (single stranded)

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?

A protein

What do enzymes do?

They speed up chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.

How can the environment affect enzymes?

If the temperature is too high, the enzyme will become denatured and stop working. If the pH level is too high or low, the enzymes will also become denatured. Inhibitors stop reactions. 

What is denatured?

Environmental conditions cause the enzyme to lose its shape and no longer work. 

What are the subatomic particles of an atom?

Proton: in nucleus (positive)

Neutron: in nucleus (neutral)

Electron: in electron cell (negative)

Definition of ionic and covalent:

Ionic: one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Covalent: when the atoms share one or more electrons form each atom

Definition of isotope, isomer, ion

Isotonic: An isotonic solution is one with a salt concentration that is exactly equal to that of blood cells. If the surrounding solution has the same salt concentration as the solution inside the cell, the surrounding solution is referred to as isotonic.

isomer: any of two or more compounds, radicals, or ions that contain the same number of atoms of the same elements but differ in structural arrangement and properties

Ion: positively and negatively charged atoms