HDFS unit 3 gender and sexuality

what are pronouns

a way that peple can affirma nd express their gender identiy

one perspective: can prevent misgendering, shows respect, correct pornouns=better mental health outcomes

what is the second perspective that poeple argue

-pronoun use is confuisng and unnecessary

-there’s too many changes and it’s hard to keep up with creates division

what is toxic masculinity

harmful cultural expectations that men must be dominant, unemotional, aggressive, and reject anyhting that is feminine 

what is the negative perspective on toxic masculiinity 

-it contributes to sexual aggression adn poor mental health 

-destroyong toxic maasculinity beneifts everyone by alloiwng healthier expressions of masculinity 

-Tm=not an attack on all men but a critique of harmful gender norms 

what is the “positive” persepctive on toxic masculintiy

-it unfairly stereotypes mena dpaints masculinity itself as negative

-it silences men’s struggles and overlooks positive aspects of traditional masculinity

what does reproduction justice include

access to conctraception and prenatall care

abortion varies in the U.S by state and some states restrict/ban it

what isthe perspective orf reproductive support

-reproductve choice is fundamental to bodily autonomy and health 

-abortion bans disproportioiinately harm low-income womena nd women of color 

what is the unsupportive persepctive of abortion

-abortion is the endinf of a human life and prioritize the rights of the fetus 

-alternatives like adoption or expanded support for mothers instad of abortion 

what is the positive perspective of gender in schools

-inclusion of LGBTQ+ topics foster safer enviros and reduces bullying for queer and trains youth

-representation is linked to better mental health and lowers suicide risk

what is teh unsupportive view of gender in schools

-it ocnfuses children or exposes them to ideas that should be adressed by parents instead of schools

-some parents and policymakers argue that discussions of gender and sexuality cross into moral or political terrirotry innapropriate for public education

info about gende rin sports 

-gender in sports is one of the. most polarizing gender debates in the US today 

-there are varying rules made by NCAA and state school leagues, adn olympics 

what is the supportive perspective of gende rin sports

inclusioon is vital for equality and the mental health of trans youth, and belonging and it benefits thems ocially and emotionally from sprts

access to sports is a civil rights issue and it should be based on identity rather than biology

what is the unsupportive persepctive on gender in sports

people that are transgender would have physicial advantages from lale puberty that would cause unfairness in womens sports

wha tis the perspective of toose that support gender affirming care  for adults

-adults hav ethe right to make autonomous medical decissions about their bodidies and iddnetities 

-gender affirming care improves mental health and well being 

waht is the perspective of those that don’t support ender affirming care for adults 

-long term emdical risks of surgeries and hormone treatment

-somw view gender affirming care as a cultural or ideaological issue rather than a strictly medical one

what is the supportive perspective of gender affirming health care for minors

-early intervention improves mental health outcomes for transgender youth

what is tthe unsupportive perspective of gender affirming health care for minors

-minors are too young to make irreversible medical decisisons that puverty blockers or hormones should be delayed until adulthood

-opponents frame restrictions as protecting children from potentially harmful or premature intervention

how many states have. restricted or banned some form of gender affirming care for minors

25

are the gender identity and ideas surrounding sexuality and gender new 

yes 

what is the term of queer

the umbrella term for people marginalized by gender or sexuality

what are some of the wayts that heterosexual couples/people have privilege

-dont have to come out and justify idenities and the social pushback that comes from it

-don’t face systemic barriers and stigma

-being repped psoitively in the media

what does respecting sexual fluidity mean 

recognizing that theire is no timeline or understanding or expressing who you are 

sexuality in america , was it or was it not regulated, what religions created these codes, what kind of sex was immoral, what were women expected to remain until marrriage, what kind of relationship was barely talked about, and how did these ideas impact certain aspects of life

heavily regulated from 16oos to 18oos

created by paritan and christian moral codes

sex was taboo, no one talked about it

any type of sex outside of a heterosexual marriage was considered immoral

women were expected to remain pure, while male misconduct was tolerated

same sex relationships wwere barely talked about

these ideas influenced medial and legal systems to continue to regulate sexuality

what did the DSM-l list about homoesexuality

homosexuality was listed as a sociopathic personality disturbance

as a personality disorder like anxiety and depression

people that were homosexual were put into mental institutions and therapy

what did the state and federal laws criminalize 

same sex acts, reinforcing stigma and enabling widespread policing of LGBTQ plus indivs 

what event which allowed for seperation of men and women allowed for opportunities of same sex relationships and between who

during world war 2, soldiers and workers

-they started moving to urban centers and ciites like NY

what was the stonewall riots of 1969, when was the first pride parade

took place in new york city

the police raided a LGBTQ bar, and the people fought back

pride parade took off right after stonewall

pop culture began to show sexuality more openly

the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM

what was the first state to repeal its criminalization of same sex sexual acts

illinois-1961

what was Bowers V. Hardwick

upheled laws that private homosexual conduct was not consititutionally protected

private homosexual conduct being legal or not were up to thes dates

two gay men were arrested after having their home raided and for being homosexual

1986

what was Lawrence v Texas

finally stiking down these laws nationwide and saying that adults have the right to engage in private consensual sexual acitivity without government interference

what is Obergellel vs Hodges

ruled that same sex marriage was legal

what do the different levels of parental investmentt cause 

due to the different levels of parental investment, we see different patterns 

women should be more seldective with their serarch for mates than men should, men have to compete with other men to be chosen as mates e

what is the evolutionary perspective approach to gender

men can be focused on quantity

women are more likely to look for quality

men ar elikely to search for a physically healthy partner and able to bear their children and not someone elses

women should be looking for men that are invested in raising their child

what is the social cognitive approach to gender

we learn gender expectations form the wolr d around us the dynamic of observation adn ereinforcement that shape the way we understand it

gender schema

what are the 2 categories of social cognitive 

learning: we look to the world around us to receive signals about how gender

Operates: when we fail in line with gender reinforcement, we receive positive reinforcement. When we fall in nonconforming ways, people tend to act negatively, and we’re more likely to do the thing that gets us the positive reaction/conforming way 

what is the social role theory

-not a common approach

-originally phsycial differences between male or female lead men and women to form diff tasks, ex men going hunting and women cooking food

we get a division of labor around us, we create a social set of expectations from these observations called gender roles

these gender roles=related to gender stereotypes

key feature of stereotype

overgeneralization

categories of gender stereotypes

agency: how assertive, ambitious, decisive, fit for, active, and advocacy-men

competence: how capable, intelligent-men

communion/warmth:: friendly, welcoming, caring, helpful-women 

explain evolution of the division of labor and academic between men and women and

women: 32 increased to 57 and is now 58 percent for participation

men: 82 down to 69 percent

women earn more degrees in all levels than men do

-alice eggly

explain the 

women are still seen as more communal, it’s increased overtime 

women are now seen as more competent than they were before, men and women are seen as approximately as competent as men 

agency: no relative change, men are still seen as more agentic 

why is gender diffierence so important in life

gender shapes our choices

ex: STEM is mostly men and it shapes our ideas about our ability for women to be there and if you’re reflected in a domain/are there role models

if you don’t see people that look like you, you are less likely to want to do it/want to major in it

if we can provide people role modles, they instantly become more likely to enter and become successful

what is the second

resume studies: keep the same qualifications, but change male to female. They think candidate is more highly qualified if it’s a man and they think that the man should be paid more, gap only gets bigger overtime

which gender lives longer and is more empathetic 

who is higher in overt aggression and who tends to show more relational aggression 

women live longer, are more empathetic  

overt aggression: men tend to be more physically aggressive 

relational aggression: ex: like gossip, things that harm people’s relationship with other, more verbal. women have more relational aggresion

what is empathy tied to which should mean

helping, women are more likely to help

more likely to donate to charity, but less likely to do something that puts us in dangerous situations

men are more liekly to help in dangerous situations

responding to stress

men take fight or flight strategy 

women are more likely to take tend and befriend 

tend and befrined=trying to de-escelate the stiuation 

men are less likely to say that managing stress=extremely important

-and less likely to take actions to lower stress, like seeking mental health care

we think that theres little similarities between men and women, however there is little differences between men and women

it’s healthy to embody characterisitcs associated with both genders 

bem sex role inventory: 

andogynous: feminine and masculine characteristics 

they show more flexibility in thought and behavior