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Darwin's Four Pillars
Overproduction, genetic variation, survival of the fittest, differential reproduction.
Darwin's Hypothesis
Descent with modification through natural selection.
Convergent Evolution
Occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits.
Artificial Selection
Occurs when human actions influence the traits of organisms.
Homologous Structure
Structures with a common ancestry.
Analogous Structure
Structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
Vestigial Structure
Structures that have lost their original function.
Macro vs Micro Evolution
Macro leads to new species, while micro is changes within a species.
Gene Pool
Represents the total genetic diversity in a population.
Genetic Drift
Random changes in gene frequencies in small populations.
Gene Flow
Transfer of genetic material between populations.
Founder Effect
Occurs when a small group establishes a new population.
Reproductive Isolation
Prevents interbreeding between different species.
Divergent Evolution
Common ancestry followed by divergence into different species.
Punctuated Equilibrium
Evolutionary changes occur rapidly after a catastrophe.
Co-Evolution
Two or more species influencing each other's evolution.
Gradualism
Theory that changes in organisms and Earth occur gradually.
Evolution
Change in allele frequencies over time.
Mechanisms of Evolution
Genetic Drift, Non-Random Mating, Mutation, Gene Flow, Natural Selection/Adaptation.
