11 Biology - Respiration / Diffusion

Phase 1: Glycolysis. Where and what happens?

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, producing 2 ATP as well as breaking glucose down into two pyruvates

Phase 2: Krebs Cycle. Where and what happens

Occurs in the mitochondria, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2 as well as breaking down the two pyruvates formed fully to produce some energy

Phase 3: The Electron Transport Chain

Contains the transport NADH and FADH2 which carry 2 protons and an electron to transport energy to remake ATP

Aerobic Respiration

Produces 36 ATP while requiring sufficient amounts of oxygen to fully break down glucose molecules

Anaerobic Respiration

Occurs in the cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP as well as lactic acid as a biproduct due to the fact that glucose is not fully broken down due to the lack of oxygen

Haemglobin

Carries and transports oxygen molecules through the blood. Haemoglobin can only carry 4 oxygen and find it harder to attach to the Haemoglobins.

Myoglobin

Stores oxygen in the tissues for later use, especially in the muscles. Has higher affinity for O2 than Haemoglobin, meaning oxygen attaches easily.

Co-operative binding

Where the binding of one oxygen molecule to haemoglobin increases the affinity for oxygen because it changes its shape, increasing its likelihood of creating a bond between oxygen and haemoglobin.

Dissociation Curve

A graphical representation that shows how the saturation of hemoglobin or myoglobin with oxygen varies with the partial pressure of oxygen. - draws an S shape.

How does the Dissociation Curve work?

Haemoglobin has high affinity for oxygen in the lungs (loads oxygen) and low affinity in the tissues (unloads oxygen), depending on oxygen concentration.