Latin American Political History: Oligarchic Dominance to Democracy

Flashcards summarizing key concepts related to Latin American political history from oligarchic dominance through transitions towards democracy.

Oligarchic Dominance

A period (1880-1930) characterized by elite control over politics, where oligarchs influenced governance while manipulating constitutional frameworks.

Mass Politics

A shift in political engagement begun in 1930 where poorer sectors became politically active, leading to regime instability and challenges in maintaining democracy.

Democracy

A political regime with features such as regular elections, voting rights, the ability to organize parties, and the presence of political freedoms.

Constitutional Oligarchy

A form of governance where a constitution exists, but oligarchs manipulate elections and political processes to retain power.

Populism

A political approach typically marked by charismatic leaders appealing directly to the masses, often disrupting traditional political elites.

Coup d'état

A sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government, commonly occurring in Latin America during periods of political instability.

Guerilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare where small groups use military tactics to fight a larger traditional military.

Human Rights

The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled, often compromised in authoritarian regimes.

Neoliberalism

An economic and political model favoring free markets and reduced government intervention, impacting democratic practices in Latin America.

Electoral Irregularities

Practices such as vote buying and manipulation common in Latin American elections that undermine democratic integrity.