AP HuG unit 3

Acculturation

Adopting some traits of another culture while keeping your original culture

Assimilation

When a culture fully blends into another and loses its original traits.

Centripetal forces

Factors that unite and bring people together.

Centrifugal forces

Factors that divide or weaken a group or country.

Creolization

Mixing of languages and cultures into a new form.

Cultural convergence

When different cultures become more alike.

Cultural divergence

When cultures grow more different.

Cultural landscape

Visible human impact on the environment.

Cultural relativism

Understanding a culture by its own standards, not judging it.

Cultural trait

single part of a culture (food, music, clothing).

Custom

A repeated act practiced by a group.

Dialect

Regional form of a language.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that your culture is superior to others.

Expansion diffusion

the spread of an idea outward without people moving.

Contagious diffusion

Rapid, widespread diffusion.

Hierarchical diffusion

Diffusion through authority or influence.

Stimulus diffusion

Idea spreads but changes.

An extinct language

a language no longer spoken.

Folk culture

Traditional culture practiced by small, isolated groups.

A habit

an action repeated by an individual.

Hearth

a place where an idea or trait originates.

Indigenous communities

Original people of a region

Indigenous languages

Languages spoken by indigenous groups.

Institutional language

Language used by government, schools, and media.

Isogloss

Boundary of different language features.

Isolated language

unrelated to any other.

Language

system of communication using words or symbols.

Language branch

Languages related by a more recent ancestor.

Language family

A Large group of languages with an ancient common origin.

Language group

Languages with very similar grammar and vocabulary.

Lingua franca

common language used between different speakers.

Official language

Language used by a government for official purposes.

Material culture

Physical objects people create (clothing, buildings).

Multiculturalism

cultures living together in one society.

Multilingual

Able to speak multiple languages.

Nationalism

Strong loyalty to your country.

Nationality

Belonging to a nation through identity or citizenship.

Pidgin language

a simplified mix of two languages for communication.

Placemaking

Creating meaningful spaces using culture and design.

Popular culture

Widespread culture in large, diverse societies.

Race

social category based on physical traits.

Racism

the belief that one race is superior.

Relocation diffusion

Spread of ideas through people moving.

Sense of place

Emotional or cultural meaning of a location.

Sequent occupancy

Layers of cultures left on a place over time.

Standard language

The most accepted form of a language

Sustainability

Using resources so they last for the future.

Syncretism

Blending of different cultures or religions.

Time-space convergence

Faster travel/communication makes places feel closer.

Toponym

Name of a place.

Uniform landscape

Places look the same everywhere (placelessness).

Adherents

Followers of a religion.

Agnosticism

Belief we cannot know if God exists.

Animism

Belief that natural objects have spirits.

Apartheid

a system of racial separation in South Africa.

Atheism

The belief that no gods exist.

Autonomous religions

Religions with little central authority.

Caste system

Hindu system of fixed social classes.

Colonialism

When a country takes control of another area.

Diaspora

People forced to leave their homeland and spread out.

Ethnic culture

Culture shared by an ethnic group.

Ethnic cleansing

Forcing a group to leave or eliminating them.

Ethnic neighborhoods

Areas where people of the same ethnicity live together.

Ethnic religions

Religions tied to a specific ethnic group and place

Ethnicity

Identity based on cultural traits and heritage.

Fundamentalism

Strict, literal following of religion.

Genocide

Systematic killing of a group.

Imperialism

Taking control of other lands for power.

Hierarchical religions

Religions with a clear leadership structure.

Monotheism

Belief in one god.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods.

Secularism

Separation of religion from religious influence.

Theocracy

Government run by religious leaders.

The Triangle Slave Trade

historic trade of slaves, goods, and raw materials between Africa, the

Universalizing religions

Religions that try to spread worldwide.

Zionism

A Movement supporting a Jewish homeland in Israel.