Unit 2 Term 2

Corfu Incident
August 31, 1923

Diplomatic and military crisis between Greece and Italy. An Italian general heading a commission to resolve a border dispute between Albania and Greece was murdered in Greek territory along with members of his staff.

Locarno Treaty
Dec. 1, 1925

Agreements by Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initiated at Locarno, Switz.

Pact of Rome 1924 w/ Yugo
January 27, 1924

An agreement by which Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes agreed that Fiume would be annexed to Italy as the Province of Fiume, while the town of Sušak was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
- Fiume and Sušak would share joint administration of the port facilities.

Pact of Friendship 1926 w/ Albania
Nov 27, 1926

Provided Italian economic aid and was followed by a military alliance in 1927 and finally, a convention (July 1, 1928) declaring Albania a virtual protectorate of Italy

Treaty of Friendship 1927 w/ Hungary
March 26, 1941,

Italy will secretly sell weapons to Hungary

Four Powers Act
1933

Negotiated at the conference enjoined the United States, Japan, Britain, and France to respect each other’s Pacific island dependencies for 10 years
- set limits for battleships at a ratio of five for Great Britain and the United States to three for Japan. An agreement on the fortification of Pacific island bases was intended to assure Japan of security in its home waters.

League of Nations
10 Janvier 1920

International organization that resolves international crises through diplomacy

Rome Berlin Axis
October 25, 1936

Treaty of friendship between Germany and Italy in 1936. Conforming the end to diplomatic cooperation between Italy, Britain, and France

Anti-COMINTERN Pact
Nov. 25, 1936 & Nov. 6, 1937

agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan, that they would work together to stop the spread of Communism around the globe. This was aimed squarely at the USSR. Germany and Italy had worked well during the Spanish Civil War and had brought about a fascist victory over communism

Munich Conference
30 septembre 1938

Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France sign the Munich agreement, by which Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defenses (the so-called Sudeten region) to Nazi Germany.

Pact of Steel
22 mai 1939

Publicly stated that the two countries supported and trusted each other
- Secret clauses stated that there would be a union of economic and military policies but were never enacted

“Spazio Vitale”

The territorial expansionist concept of Italian Fascism. It was defined as "that part of the globe over which extends either the vital requirements or expansionary impetus of a state with a strong unitary organization which seeks to satisfy its needs by expanding beyond its national boundaries".

Lebensraum

German for living space, loosely defined as part of Europe

Reichstag

Germany’s parliament

Stresa Front
April 1935

France, Britain, and Italy formed in April 1935 at Stresa, Italy, to oppose Adolf Hitler’s announced intention to rearm Germany, which violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

Battle of Wheat/Grain
Jun. 1925

a propaganda campaign launched in 1925 during the fascist regime of Italy by Benito Mussolini, with the aim of gaining self-sufficiency in wheat production and freeing Italy from the "slavery of foreign bread".

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Agreed to renounce war as an instrument of national policy and to settle all international disputes by peaceful means.

Fiume
1920 and 1924

Meaning river. Was an independent free state that existed between 1920 and 1924. Its territory of 28 km2 (11 sq mi) comprised the city of Fiume (today Rijeka, Croatia) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to the Kingdom of Italy.

Acerbo Law
Nov. 1923

stated that whichever party obtained the most significant number of votes would receive two-thirds of the seats in Parliament, even if they did not receive two-thirds of the vote. With the help of the Acerbo Law, the 1924 elections decisively gave power to the Fascists.

Lateran Treaty
11 févr. 1929 – 3 Juin 1985

It was signed by Benito Mussolini for the Italian government and by cardinal secretary of state Pietro Gasparri for the papacy and confirmed by the Italian constitution of 1948. effective June 7, 1929, to June 3, 1985, between Italy and the Vatican. The papacy recognized the state of Italy, with Rome as its capital. Italy in return recognized papal sovereignty over the Vatican City, a minute territory of 44 hectares (109 acres), and secured full independence for the pope.
- the pope's neutral and inviolable territory, guaranteeing his political independence; a concordat concerning Church-State relations in Italy

Treaty of London 1915

Secret treaty between neutral Italy and the Allied forces of France, Britain, and Russia to bring Italy into World War I. The Allies wanted Italy's participation because of its border with Austria.

Lausanne Conference
1932

Conference in 1932 between Brit, France, and Germany suspending Germany’s 1st world war reparations as a result of the world's economic crisis

Deficit spending

spending money raised by borrowing; used by governments to stimulate their economy

Imperial preference

A system of commerce created by lowering import taxes between areas of an empire while increasing taxes on imports from countries outside that empire

Trade barriers

Restricting trades with other countries by placing high taxes on foreign imports so more domestics goods are sold for cheap

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreed to renounce war as an instrument of national policy and to settle all international disputes by peaceful means.

March on Rome
Oct. 1922

is the insurrection by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922. The March marked the beginning of fascist rule and meant the doom of the preceding parliamentary regimes of socialists and liberals.