Air Pollution Final MC Questions

Which equation describes the temperature dependence of reaction rate constants?

a) Fick’s Law

b) Arrhenius Equation

c) Henry’s Law

d) Stokes-Einstein Equation

b) Arrhenius Equation

A reaction with ΔG < 0 but high activation energy will likely:

a) proceed rapidly

b) be thermodynamically impossible

c) be spontaneous but slow

d) require catalyst inhibition

Be spontaneous but slow

For a first-order reaction, doubling the reactant concentration affects the rate by:

a) Quadrupling it

b) Doubling it

c) No change

d) square root increase

Doubling it

Which pollutant has the highest aqueous diffusivity?

a) SO2

b) O3

c) CO

d) O3 and CO

O3 and CO (3.06 E-9 m^2/s)

Fick's First Law states that flux is proportional to:

a) temperature gradient

b) concentration gradient

c) pressure differential

d) velocity profile

Concentration gradient

The "Three Ts" of incineration refer to:

a) Time, Temperature, Turbulence

b) Toxicity, Throughput, Treatment

c) Thermal, Transport, Terminal

d) Turbulence, Transfer, Time

Time, Temperature, Turbulence

Which VOC control method is most effective for dilute streams?

a) Flaring

b) Thermal oxidation

c) Adsorption

d) Condensation

Adsorption

EPA guidelines for total enclosures require face velocities ≥:

a) 50 ft/min

b) 100 ft/min

c) 200 ft/min

d) 500 ft/min

200 ft/min

Complete propane combustion produces:

a) CO + H2O

b) CO2 + H2O

c) C + H2O

d) CH4 + CO2

CO2 + H2O

The Damköhler number compares:

a) reactor volume to flow rate

b) residence time to reaction time

c) mixing time to diffusion time

d) activation energy to thermal energy

Residence time to reaction time

The primary product of the Claus process is:

a) sulfuric acid

b) elemental sulfur

c) calcium sulfate

d) sodium bisulfite

Elemental Sulfur (S)

Limestone scrubbing typically operates at pH:

a) 3-5

b) 5.5-6.2

c) 7-8

d) 8-9

5.5-6.2

Which removes organic sulfur from coal?

a) washing

b) flotation

c) chemical leaching

d) gravity separation

Chemical leaching

A key limitation of global kinetic models is:

a) high computational cost

b) ignoring intermediate species

c) requiring detailed mechanisms

d) overpredicting conversion

Ignoring intermediate species

For an exothermic reaction at equilibrium, increasing temperature:

a) shifts equilibrium to products

b) increases Kp

c) shifts equilibrium to reactants

d) has no effect

Shifts equilibrium to reactants

Longer residence times in incinerators generally:

a) reduce equipment size

b) improve conversion

c) lower fuel costs

d) increase turbulence

Improve conversion

The Peclet number compares:

a) reaction time to mixing time

b) residence time to chemical time

c) thermal diffusivity to momentum

d) convection to diffusion

Convection to diffusion

Primary environmental impact of SOx emissions:

a) ozone depletion

b) acid rain

c) global warming

d) eutrophication

Acid rain

In a PFR, conversion depends mainly on:

a) mixing intensity

b) residence time distribution

c) reactor volume

d) catalyst activity

Reactor volume

Sweet crude oil contains sulfur content:

a) <0.5%

b) 0.5-1%

c) 1-2%

d >2%

<0.5%

Total VOC reduction efficiency equals:

a) Capture + Destruction

b) Capture x Destruction

c) (Capture — Fugitive)

d) Destruction / Fugitive

Capture x Destruction (multiplication)

US SOx emissions peaked in:

a) 1963

b) 1973

c) 1983

d) 1993

1973 (32 million tons/year)

SO₂ primarily affects the:

a) liver

b) upper respiratory tract

c) nervous system

d) cardiovascular system

Upper respiratory tract

Which method uses cooling for VOC control?

a) adsorption

b) condensation

c) incineration

d) bioinfiltration

Condensation

Hydrodesulfurization uses catalysts containing:

a) platinum

b) CoMo/Al2O3

c) zeolites

d) activated carbon

CoMo/Al2O3

The initiation step in combustion typically involves:

a) CO oxidation

b) Radical formation

c) NOx reduction

d) Soot nucleation

Radical formation

DRE (Destruction & Removal Efficiency) standards often require:

a) 50-70%

b) 75-85%

c) 90-95%

d) 98-99.99%

98-99.99%

Limestone slurry L/G ratios are typically:

a) 5 gal/1000ft³

b) 35 gal/1000ft³

c) 65 gal/1000ft³

d) 100 gal/1000ft³

65 gal water/ 1000 ft^3 of gas

Final product of limestone scrubbing:

a) CaCO₃

b) CaSO₄·2H₂O

c) NaHSO₃

d) Elemental sulfur

CaSO₄·2H₂O (calcium sulfate)

Primary advantage of lime over limestone scrubbing:

a) lower cost

b) higher reactivity

c) reduced scaling

d) smaller pH dependence

Higher reactivity