World History Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from world history lecture notes.

Dar al-Islam

Regions where Islam is a dominant influence, characterized by the spread of Islam through military conquests, trade, and missionary work.

Golden Age of Islam

A period of flourishing advancements in science, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy, centered in cities like Baghdad, Córdoba, and Cairo.

Mamluk Sultanate

Islamic slave soldiers who rose to power in Egypt, controlling important trade routes and expanding militarily.

Delhi Sultanate

A Muslim kingdom in South Asia.

Vijayanagara Empire

A Hindu empire that dominated South Asia.

Strait of Malacca

A crucial trade route in Southeast Asia connecting India, China, and the Middle East.

Mali Empire

A major West African empire known for wealth, especially from gold, and Mansa Musa's famous pilgrimage to Mecca.

Swahili Coast

City-states thriving on Indian Ocean trade, blending African, Arab, and Persian cultures.

Ethiopia

An empire that maintained Christianity and developed its unique culture through the Axumite civilization.

Kingdom of Kongo

A centralized kingdom with a complex political structure, known for trading with Portugal.

Feudalism

A political and economic system in Europe where lords owned land, and vassals provided military service.

The Black Death

A pandemic that decimated Europe's population, leading to labor shortages and socioeconomic changes.

Renaissance

A revival of classical knowledge that led to advancements in art, literature, and science.

Humanism

A focus on human values and potential, prominent during the Renaissance.

Religious Reformation

Martin Luther’s challenge to the Catholic Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation and affecting religious/political systems.

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

Trade routes facilitating the exchange of gold from West Africa with salt from the Sahara, and the movement of slaves.

Silk Roads

Land-based trade routes essential for exchanging goods across Eurasia.

Indian Ocean Trade

Maritime trade routes vital for the exchange of goods across the Indian Ocean.

Transatlantic Trade

Trade across the Atlantic Ocean involving the exchange of enslaved people, goods, and resources.

Mercantilism

European policies that sought to maximize wealth through controlled trade and colonization.

Ottoman Empire

A multi-ethnic empire controlling large portions of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Mughal Empire

A major power in South Asia, known for its military and cultural achievements.

Ming Dynasty

A centralized bureaucracy in China with a strong focus on an agrarian economy and technological advancements.

Decolonization

The process by which former colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East sought and gained independence.

Cold War

An ideological conflict between communism (USSR) and capitalism (USA), leading to proxy wars and global division.