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Comparative Politics
The study and comparison of domestic politics across countries.
Political Institutions
Organizations or activities that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake.
Power
The ability to influence or impose one's will on others.
The Comparative Method
A way to make comparisons and draw conclusions across case studies.
Inductive Reasoning
Using case studies to generate hypotheses.
Deductive Reasoning
Research that works from a hypothesis and tests this with data.
Correlation
Apparent relationships between two or more variables.
Modernization Theory
Argues that as societies become more sophisticated, they have a desire for more control over the state.
Behavioral Revolution
A shift in comparative politics incorporating scientific methods.
Freedom
The ability of an individual to act independently, free of retribution.
Equality
A shared material standard of individuals within a community.
The State
A series of institutions maintaining a monopoly of force over a territory.
Sovereignty
The ability to carry out actions in a territory independently.
Regime
The rules and norms of politics in a state.
Government
The leadership in charge of running the state.
Institutionalization
Seen as irreplaceable or embedded in a political system.
Legitimacy
The idea that something or someone is recognized by the public as right and proper.
Federalism
System where significant powers reside in regional or local authorities.
Decentralization
The trend of distributing power away from a central authority.
Strong State
A state that can fulfill basic functions and enforce rules.
Failed State
A state that cannot execute essential tasks well.
Political Economy
The study of the relationship between politics and economics.
Markets
Interactions between supply and demand for goods and services.
Public Goods
Services or goods provided or secured by the state that no one can own.
Taxation
The process by which states collect money to fund public services.
Central Bank
An institution that controls the flow of money in an economy.
Hyperinflation
A rapid and uncontrolled increase in prices.
Regulations
Rules set to manage the production and exchange of goods.
Liberalism
Emphasizes individual freedoms and the power of markets over the state.
Social Democracy
Seeks to balance economic freedom and equality through state intervention.
Communism
Emphasizes collective equality through state control of economic resources.
Mercantilism
Focuses on economic growth to increase state power.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Measures the overall well-being of a country's people.
Liberal Democracy
Political system promoting participation, competition, and emphasizes civil rights.
Direct Democracy
A political system where power is exercised directly by the people.
Current Political Attitudes
Radicals, Liberals, Conservatives, Reactionaries.
Political Ideologies
Values held by individuals on the fundamental goals of politics.
Fundamentalism
An ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state.
Political Culture
Basic norms for political activity in a society.
Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
Promotions of equality and freedom rights like speech and religion.
Nondemocratic Rule
Regimes controlled by a small group without public responsibility.
Totalitarianism
Highly centralized state with a strong ideology aiming to transform society.
Political Violence
Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated.
Terrorism
The use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians for political goals.
Revolution
A public seizure of the state to overturn the existing government.
Guerrilla War
Violence by nonstate actors targeting the state, typically with some rules of war.
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