radpatho 2

Inflammation

part of the process by which the immune system defends the body from harmful agents, such as bacteria and viruses

Biochemical inflammation

describes the complex cascade of molecular events and signaling pathways that drive the body's protective response to injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli

Vascular inflammation (vasculitis)

a condition where blood vessels become inflamed, causing swelling and potential damage

Redness

Caused by increased blood flow to the affected area

Heat

due to increased blood flow, making the area feel warm to the touch

Swelling

Occurs when fluid accumulates in the tissues outside the blood vessels

Pain

Results from the swelling and pressure on tissues, as well as chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response

Loss of function

The affected area may become stiff or difficult to move due to pain and swelling

Fever

A systemic sign where the body's temperature rises, which is part of the immune response

Fatigue

A general feeling of tiredness or low energy as the body works hard to heal

Repair after inflammation

occurs through regeneration of tissues like skin, or through healing by scar formation

Acute inflammation

The body’s rapid, short term immune response to injury or infection

Chronic inflammation

A prolonged inflammatory response that can last for months or years and is characterized by ongoing tissue destruction

Neoplasm

An abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells

Oncology

The study of neoplasm

New growth

Neoplasm is from the Latin word ______

Oncogenesis

caused by an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that convert normal cells into cancer cells, leading to uncontrolled growth and tumor formation

Neoplasia

the process of new growth

Fibromas

benign tumors of fibrous tissue

Chondromas

benign cartilaginous tumors

Osteomas

benign bone tumors

Lipomas

slow-growing tumors that originate from fat cells

Meningiomas

benign tumors that develop from the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Myomas

tumor of muscles

Adenoma

The term applied to benign epithelial neoplasm that grow in glandlike patterns

Cystadenomas

benign tumors that form large cystic masses

Thyroid adenomas

growth on the thyroid gland

Pleomorphic adenomas

benign tumors of the salivary glands

Malignant tumor

It invades and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize), causing death

Carcinomas

Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin is called ______

Basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer, originating in the deepest layer of the epidermis

Squamous cell carcinoma

begins in the flat, squamous cells that form the surface of the skin and the lining of organs

Cutaneous SCC

This refers to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, often found on sun-exposed areas

Oral SCC

Cancer that forms in the mouth, tongue, or throat

Esophageal SCC

This is a type of esophageal cancer (ESCC) that arises from the squamous cells of the upper esophagus

Anal SCC

Cancer affecting the anal cavity

Sarcomas

highly malignant tumor arising from connective tissues, such as bone, muscle and cartilage