Dysphagia final

What are the three branches of CN-V?

Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Maxillary nerve (V2), and Mandibular nerve (V3)

Cranial nerve V

trigeminal nerve

Cranial nerve VII

facial nerve

Cranial nerve IX

glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial nerve X

vagus nerve

Cranial nerve XI

spinal accessory nerve

Cranial nerve XII

hypoglossal

Write down the three primary branches of the vagus nerve.

Pharyngeal Branch

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

What are the pharyngeal branch's sensory and motor innervation

Sensory: oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Motor: all palatal muscles except tensor veli palatini; all pharyngeal muscles except stylopharyngeus

What are the two branches of superior laryngeal nerve? Discuss the sensory and motor innervation of these two branches.

Internal branch: glottal and supraglottal sensation

External branch: cricothyroid (CT) muscle

Discuss the sensory and motor innervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Sensory: subglottic sensation

Motor: all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid muscle

What is the primary function of muscles of mastication?

facilitates mandibular movement

The sensory and motor innervation of muscles of mastication is done by _____

CN-V

The motor innervation of lower facial muscles is done by ____

CN-VII

Which is the primary muscle to contract when you clench the jaw?

Masseter

Which is the primary muscle to contract to increase the buccal tension to hold the food while chewing and sucking?

Buccinator

True/False

There are 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles in the tongue.

True

If a person has damage in bilateral superior longitudinal muscles of tongue, the following will be impaired:

they can't pull the tongue tip upwards

The motor function of tongue is innervated by ____

CN-XII

The function of genioglossus muscle:

retracts the anterior tongue

depresses the entire tongue

protrudes the posterior tongue

**Protrude → push forward

** Retract → pull back

General sensation of tongue (anterior 2/3rds) is innervated by:

CN-V

Taste sensation of tongue (anterior 2/3rds) is innervated by:

CN-VII

General and taste sensation of tongue (posterior 1/3rds) is innervated by:

CN-IX

A person with facial nerve (CN-VII) damage will be seen with:

normal sensation of tongue but impaired taste sensation on anterior 2/3rds

Label Nasopharynx (lateral view)

Label Nasal cavity (lateral view)

Label oropharynx (lateral view)

Label hypopharynx/ hylolarynx

Label tongue (lateral view)

Label soft velum/ palate (lateral view)

Label hard palate (lateral view)

Label mandible (lateral view)

Label base of tongue (lateral view)

label hyoid bone (lateral view)

Label epiglottis (lateral view)

label Line of true vocal folds (lateral view)

label Thyroid cartilage (anteriorly) (lateral view)

Label posterior cricoid (lateral view)

Label esophagus (lateral view)

Label tongue tip (anterior view)

Label tongue blade (Anterior view)

Label floor of mouth

Label buccal cavity

Label base of tongue (lateral view)

label anterior tongue (lateral view)

Label posterior/ back of tongue (lateral view)

Label Mandible (lateral view)

Label velum/ soft palate (lateral view)

Label hyoid bone (lateral view)

Label epiglottis (lateral view)

Label thyroid cartilage (lateral view)

Label posterior cricoid (lateral view)

Label trachea (lateral view)

Label upper esophageal sphincter (lateral view)

Label esophagus (lateral view)

Label posterior pharyngeal wall (lateral view)

Label Right Anterior Faucial Pillar (superior view)

Label uvula (superior view)

Label palatine tonsil (superior view)

Label left true vocal fold (superior view)

Label right false vocal fold (superior view)

label right arytenoid (superior view)

Label trachea (superior view)

Label epiglottis (superior view)

Label left aryepiglottic fold (superior view)

Label laryngral surface of epiglottis (superior view)

Label lingual surface of epiglottis (superior view)

Label base of tongue (superior view)

Label right pyriform sinus (superior view)

Label upper esophageal sphincter (superior view)

Label right true vf (superior view)

Label hyoid bone (anterior view)

Label epiglottis (anterior view)

Label Thyroid cartilage (anterior view)

Label cricoid cartilage (anterior view)

Label 2nd tracheal ring (anterior view)

Label left cricothyroid joint (anterior view)

Label Cricoid cartilage (posterior view)

Label Right arytenoid (posterior view)

Label Left cricothyroid joint (posterior view)

Label Laryngeal surface of epiglottis (posterior view)

Label 1st tracheal ring (posterior view)

Label Laryngeal surface of epiglottis (superior view)

Label (Right) Lateral pharyngeal wall (superior view)

Label Base of tongue (superior view)

Label left vallecula (superior view)

Label Posterior Pharyngeal Wall

Label Laryngeal surface of epiglottis (superior view)

During the oral-mech exam, I gently stroked the patient's posterior 1/3rds of the tongue with a cotton swab dipped in sugar water. But the patient neither sensed the touch nor taste.

Which cranial nerve is affected?

CN-IX

During the oral mech exam, I gently stroked the patient's anterior 2/3rds of the tongue using a sugar water swab. The patient sensed the taste but not the touch.

Which cranial nerve is affected?

CN-V

The primary muscle which helps for velopharyngeal closure during pharyngeal phase is:

Palatopharyngeus (which makes up the posterior faucial arch)

The primary muscle for velar elevation during oral phase:

Palatoglossus (which makes up the anterior faucial arch)

The motor innervation of all palatal muscles is carried by pharyngeal plexus, except ___________ muscle by ______ cranial nerve.

Tensor veli palatini, CN-V

Sensory innervation of palate: CN- ___________

V

Sensory innervation of faucial arches: CN- ______

IX

Muscles of pharynx are:

3 pairs of constrictor muscles: superior, middle, inferior

3 pairs of longitudinal muscles: salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

I want to show you how both pharyngeal constrictor and longitudinal muscles attached to each other (intertwined).

Answer: Just label anywhere on the constrictors.

See how the middle constrictor muscle runs into______? That is the ________

hyoid bone

--> That is the reason pharyngeal constriction/contraction also assists with hyolaryngeal elevation.

Below is true about pharyngeal muscle function:

1. contraction of pharyngeal constrictor muscles reduce the diameter of pharynx (constriction)

2. contraction of longitudinal pharyngeal muscles shorten the pharynx

3. contraction of pharyngeal constrictor and longitudinal muscles constricts and shortens the pharynx respectively

Sensory innervation of nasopharynx

CN IX