June 2025

A 12-year old male neutered domestic short hair cat presents for ongoing evaluation of diabetes mellitus. The cat was diagnosed 6 months ago and has continued to be markedly polyuric, polydipsic, polyphagic, and has been gaining weight. The cat is currently receiving 10 units of glargine insulin every 12 hours. On physical exam, the cat weighs 15 pounds (6.8 kg) and has an enlarged head, abdomen, and paws. What imaging modality would be most appropriate to try and prove what you suspect is causing the uncontrolled diabetes and weight gain in this cat?

1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head

2. Radiographs of the thorax

3. Computed tomography (CT scan) of the abdomen

4. Ultrasound of the neck

5. Ultrasound of the abdomen

  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head

What is the primary mode of transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) between birds?

1. Via placenta

2. Via feces

3. Via mosquitoes

4. Via saliva

5. Via Cnemidocoptes mites

  Via mosquitoes

A 7-year old female spayed English Springer Spaniel presents for difficulty breathing and lethargy. Physical exam shows pale mucous membranes and increased respiratory effort. You collect blood for a complete blood count and a chemistry panel and you place a drop of blood with a drop of saline on a glass slide. After swirling the sample around, you can grossly see what is shown in the picture. What's your diagnosis?

1. Immune mediated hemolytic anemia

2. Vitamin K antagonist toxicity

3. Evan's syndrome

4. Rouleaux formations

5. Hemolysis

  Immune mediated hemolytic anemia

A 6-month old Chocolate Labrador presents for limping and failure to gain weight. He is housed in an outdoor kennel with other hunting dogs. He is fed a large breed dry puppy food. He received his puppy shots at 8, 12, and 16 weeks old. He is quiet, alert, and responsive. His body condition score is 3/9, with rib exposure and poor fat deposition. His mucous membranes are pale pink, with a capillary refill time of 2 seconds. His heart and lungs auscult normally. No abnormalities are felt on abdominal palpation. He is an intact male, and both testicles are descended. The only abnormalities are the pads of his two front feet and left hind foot (see image) that he chews at frequently. What is diagnostic test of choice?

1. Biopsy

2. CBC and chemistry panel

3. Radiographs

4. Skin scraping

5. PCV and TP

6. Fecal float

  Fecal float

A 2-year old nonlactating dairy cow in California has a sudden onset of head tilt and drooling. The owner also reports that she appears less active and less interested in feed than normal, and today is circling in one direction in the pen. You examine her and find T=105F (40.6 C), HR=96, and RR=32. There is ptosis, drooped ear, and weakness of the lips on the affected side. You take a lumbosacral spinal tap (see photo), and submit the CSF to your lab. The results show elevated protein and WBCs, with the cell type being mainly monocytes. The lab reports seeing some gram positive bacteria in the monocytes of the CSF. Based on these findings what is the best treatment for this condition?

1. Penicillin

2. Metronidazole

3. Metoclopramide

4. Chloramphenicol

5. Enrofloxacin

  Penicillin

A 2-year old mare presents to you several weeks after recovering from a mild upper respiratory infection. She now presents with edema and sloughing of the legs (see image), chest and abdomen as well as mucosal petechial hemorrhages. She is sore and reluctant to move. Biopsy of the skin lesion is consistent with aseptic necrotizing vasculitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia

2. Bastard strangles

3. Type I hypersensitivity

4. Cantharidin toxicity

5. Purpura hemorrhagica

  Purpura hemorrhagica  

A 2-year old male neutered cat presents to you depressed, hypersalivating, and ataxic with muscle tremors. The owner reports that a pyrethrin-based spot-on formulation for flea control belonging to their Golden Retriever was accidentally applied on the cat earlier today. Which of the following drugs will you use to treat the cat's clinical signs?

1. Amoxicillin

2. Atropine

3. Acepromazine

4. 2-PAM

5. Methocarbamol

  Methocarbamol

A pregnant mare was brought out to your barn for observation in anticipation of parturition. After several hours of restless behavior, several gallons of allantoic fluid rush out from the vulva. Which of the following would you expect to happen next for a normal parturition?

1. The thin, white, glistening amniotic membrane emerges from the vulva

2. The placenta is expelled from the vulva

3. The red, velvety, chorioallantoic membrane emerges from the vulva

4. The hind legs of the foal emerge from the vulva

  The thin, white, glistening amniotic membrane emerges from the vulva

A 3-year old female spayed indoor/outdoor domestic short hair presents for congestion and swelling over the bridge of the nose. The swelling over the nose is firm and seems to be subcutaneous. There is also mild enlargement of the mandibular lymph nodes. You perform cytology from a fine needle aspirate of the swelling over the nose and see narrow, budding, thick-walled yeasts surrounded by clear capsules (see picture). You also detected a lesion in the retina on fundic examination. Which of the following treatments would be indicated?

1. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

2. Itraconazole

3. Lufenuron

4. Trimethoprim sulfa

5. Doxycycline

  Itraconazole   

A dog presents to your clinic with tenesmus and swelling near the anus as seen in the image. On examination, there is a fluctuant swelling lateral to the anus, and on rectal exam, you note lateral dilatation of the rectum. Which of the following is the most common signalment for dogs presenting with this problem?

1. They are older intact males

2. They are older intact females

3. There is no age or sex predilection

4. They are younger intact females

5. They are younger intact males

  They are older intact males

The dog in the photograph was vaccinated earlier in the day. What type of allergic reaction is occurring?

1. Type III

2. Type II

3. Type I

4. Type IV

  Type I

A 9-month old male pitbull presents to you for hindlimb lameness that developed suddenly several days ago and has gotten worse. On your examination, the dog is painful on palpation of the left tibia. You take radiographs of the tibia which are shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for the suspected condition?

1. Carprofen

2. Ampicillin

3. Surgical correction

4. Fluconazole

5. Splint stabilization

Carprofen

A 7-year old male castrated cat presents for respiratory distress with open-mouth breathing. You initially place him in oxygen and obtain thoracic radiographs when he is stabilized. The films are shown here. What is your diagnosis?

1. Feline asthma syndrome

2. Tracheal collapse

3. Left-sided congestive heart failure

4. Pneumonia

5. Neoplasi

  Left-sided congestive heart failure

What is the potential udder fate of goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalomyelitis virus?

1. The udder is not affected

2. Hardbag

3. Gangrene

4. Bluebag

Hardbag

Your client is pregnant and is worried about acquiring toxoplasmosis from her cat. What do you advise?

1. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A positive cat infected with toxoplasmosis can shed multiple times in its lifetime and pose a zoonotic risk.

2. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A IgG titer of 1:64 or greater suggests recent or active infection that could pose a danger.

3. Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to prevent infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an infective form.

4. Toxoplasmosis titer should be performed on the owner by a human physician. A positive titer indicates antibodies to the organism that will prevent infection in the first trimester. A negative titer indicates she should remove her cats from her environment.

Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to prevent infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an infective form.

A 4-year old male Manx cat presents to you because the owners found an empty, opened pill vial in the bathroom and the cat vomited. On physical exam, you note ptyalism and facial edema. The cat's mucous membranes are pale and slightly icteric. You perform a blood smear and detect Heinz bodies in erythrocytes. The cat's packed cell volume (PCV) is 26% (30-45%). The owners provide you a list of the medications in the medicine cabinet which are acetaminophen (Tylenol), finasteride (Propecia), enalapril (Vasotec), and omeprazole (Prilosec). What treatments should you institute for this cat?

1. Emesis and methylene blue

2. Acetylcysteine and S-adenosylmethionine

3. Activated charcoal and whole blood transfusion

4. Prednisone and amoxicillin

  Acetylcysteine and S-adenosylmethionine

You are asked to examine some feeder pigs that have stopped eating yesterday. The group is lying down and seems lethargic. They have fevers of 105-106F (40.6 -41.1 C), firm dry feces, and the skin has rhomboid-shaped red blotches scattered on it. What treatment should be recommended?

1. Chloramphenicol

2. Metronidazole

3. Streptomycin

4. Gentamicin

5. Penicillin

  Penicillin

A 9-year old male Queensland Heeler presents with a four day history of progressive tetraparesis. Physical exam showed him to be weakly ambulatory with support. As part of your initial workup, you take chest X-rays which are shown below. Which of the following next steps is the most appropriate test to confirm your clinical suspicion about the cause of the dog's signs?

1. Bronchoalveolar lavage and culture

2. Myelogram

3. CT scan of the thorax

4. MRI of the brain

5. Tensilon response test

  Tensilon response test

A horse presents to you for chronic, recurrent laminitis and skin disease. You notice on your exam that the horse has a particularly thick, long, wavy, and matted coat. The owner mentioned that this developed many months ago. What is a likely diagnosis?

1. Diabetes insipidus

2. Pheochromocytoma

3. Hypothyroidism

4. Cushing's disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction

  Cushing's disease (Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction)

A 10-day old commercial dairy calf has diarrhea that is white in color (see photo). The calf is dehydrated, hypovolemic, weak and unable to stand. T=100F (37.8 C), HR=100, and RR=20. No other abnormalities are found on physical examination. Based on these findings, what is the treatment of choice?

1. IV fluids with added sodium bicarbonate

2. Oral fluids containing high levels of both sodium and chloride

3. IV fluids containing only saline

4. Oral fluids containing sodium bicarbonate

5. IV fluids containing 50 meq/L of potassium

  IV fluids with added sodium bicarbonate