Natural Resources and Energy Sources

These flashcards cover key concepts about natural resources, energy types, coal grades, and reclamation practices as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is a reserve?

The amount of a known deposit that can be economically extracted using current technology.

What are non-renewable energy sources?

Energy sources used faster than they can be replenished, such as fossil fuels and uranium fuels.

What are renewable energy sources?

Natural features of the environment that can be replenished, including solar and wind energy.

What are the benefits of resource conservation?

Reduces environmental damage, cuts waste, extends supply of vital resources, and saves energy.

What are fossil fuels?

Fossilized plant and animal remains that contain a high concentration of carbon and emit energy when burned with oxygen.

What percentage of our energy comes from fossil fuels worldwide?

Over 80% of our energy and two-thirds of our electricity.

How does the concentration of carbon affect coal?

The concentration of carbon determines the grade of coal; higher carbon concentration indicates a higher grade.

What are the different grades of coal?

Peat (lowest grade), Lignite, Bituminous coal, Anthracite coal (highest grade).

What does the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977) require?

It requires strip mined land to be restored to a condition capable of supporting its previous uses.

What are some activities involved in land reclamation after mining?

Contouring spoil piles to minimize erosion, applying topsoil and fertilizer, and planting native vegetation.