Studied by 5 people
Politically define capitalism
There should be a democracy and people should be able to choose their own leaders
Politically define communism
There should only be one party and leader as there is no need to have more than one
Economically define capitalism
A free economy, people can earn how ever much they want and what they earn is based on their own hard work, anyone can start their own business and employ whoever they want.
Economically define communism
A controlled economy that is controlled by the government and its profits are shared
Positives of capitalism
Average standard of living is higher, democracy
Negatives of capitalism
Creates inequality as opportunities are not evenly spread
Positives of communism
Less inequality, more equal opportunities
Negatives of communism
Lower standard of living and no democracy
When was the Russian revolution
October 1917
Who fought in the Russian revolution
The reds/Bolsheviks vs the whites
How did the Russian revolution impact the Cold War
It gave Russia communism so it had a conflicting ideology with the US which arose tensions
When was operation Barbarossa
June 1941
What was operation Barbarossa
The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union
What did operation Barbarossa lead to
It meant that the UK had to get over their fear of communism in order to help support the USSR because if the USSR was taken over then the UK would be next
What aid did Churchill send to the Soviet Union
4 million tonnes of supplies through the arctic convoys
3 million pairs of boots
2250 tanks
1800 fighter aircrafts
Why did pearl harbour alter the war
It brought the USA into a fight against Japan and therefore against Germany
When did Stalin demand the second front was opened
November 1943
When was the second front opened
June 1944
What were some examples of the USSR and USA getting along before the war
Henry ford set up a factory there and the USA officially recognised the USSR
When did France sign a treaty with the USSR
1935
Examples of Stalin being a very ruthless leader
Examples of Stalins ruthlessness include him killing Trotsky the leader of the red army in 1940, he had all three of the leaders of the Bolshevik evolution tortured and executed and he had 81/103 of his main generals killed.
Where does the USA’s impression of the USSR come from
Two diplomats names William Bulliet and George Kennan (Kennan wrote a letter to Roosevelt saying he should be harsher with the USSR)
When was the Nazi soviet pact
August 1939
Why did Stalin sign the Nazi soviet pact
Protection from the west, protection from Germany and to buy time to sort out his troops
What happened in December in 1939
Stalin invaded Finland Latvia Estonia and Lithuania which was sensitive to the west
Why was the 1917 revolution impactful to the start of the Cold War
It meant that the USSR and the USA conflicting ideologies
Why was the Russian civil war impactful to the start of the Cold War
It was a proxy war so this meant that Stalin knew the west did not want him there
Why was Stalins aggressiveness impactful to the start of the Cold War
It gave the US and UK more reason to take action against him
Why was the Nazi soviet pact impactful to the start of the Cold War
It meant that when WW2 started the west was essentially in conflict with the USSR
When was pearl harbour
7th dec 1941
When was op Barbarossa
22nd Jun 1941
When was battle of Stalingrad
23rd Aug 1942 onwards
What was the opening of the second front known as
Dday
When was the Tehran conference
Nov - dec 1943
What happened at the Tehran conference
Lead to the allies opening a second front, the USSR front was moved westward and Poland and Bessarabia joined the USSR
When was the Yalta conference
Feb 1945
What happened at the Yalta conference
Agreements of Germany, Berlin, free elections in Berlin, the UN and the USSR joining the fight against Japan
What was the question of Poland
London poles (the original Polish government between WW2 backed by the west) vs Lublin poles (the government that took over after the USSR invasion of Poland)
Tehran tensions
Stalin was spying on Roosevelt, Eastern Europe, second front
Tehran agreements
Poland would be part of the USSR, how to divide up Europe and the second front would be opened at some point
Yalta tensions
Churchill wanted it hosted in the west Stalin refused
Yalta agreements
Poland could have elections, war against Japan and German occupation zones
Potsdam agreements
Soviets to fight Japan, reparations, Germany zones, Truman told Stalin about the bomb
Potsdam tensions
The manhatten project and the fact that Stalin already knew from espionage
When did Harry Truman come into power
12th April 1945
Why was Trumans appointment bad for the Cold War
He was more anticommunist
What did the USSR do to Czechoslovakia
The treaty of friendship
When was the treaty of friendship signed
December 1943
What was the treaty of friendship
It allowed edvard Benes to become president of Czechoslovakia so communists now ruled the country even though in 1935 they only got 10% of the vote
What did the treaty of friendship cause
It meant that Benes could now get rid of all other political parties and he could now start killing ethnic Germans
What did the USSR do with Hungary
They invaded in 1944 and replaced the leader with a facist leader named ferenc slazi
What did the USSR do to Poland
Made their leaders the London poles go into exile from 1939
When did Poland become communist
In 1944 when the USSR invaded
How did the USSR treat Yugoslavia
They were already lead by the communist leader Joseph tito so the red army just passed through there and then left it
The fins and the USSR
In 1944 the fins joined the 1940 treaty of Moscow which gave the ussr some of their teritory
Bulgaria and the USSR
Bulgaria was an axis power and it chose not to fight the ussr it just accepted defeat
What happened to the countries that were liberated by Western Europe
They had democracies and free elections and controll over who was in their government
Romania and the USSR
In 1944 there was a coup against the facist iron hard regime they had but in 1945 Stalin forced the king to choose a communist leader to be in charge
When did Stalin give his electoral speech
Feb 1946
What did Stalin outline in his electoral speech
He discussed allied victory in ww2, the red army and he outlined how he thought capitalism made war inevitable
When was George kennans long telegram
Feb 1946
What did George Kennan say in his telegram
He was overall negative about the Soviet Union by describing them as evil and that he disapproved of communism but he did highlight them as being a threat
When was Churchills iron curtain speech
March 1946
What was Churchills speech also known as
Sinews of peace
What was contained in the sinews of peace speech
He claimed the ussr were spreading and adopting satilite states which was true due to the Lublin poles he compared the moment to being similar to when Germany invaded Poland in 1939
When was the novikov telegram
September 1946
What was contained in the novikov telegram
The telegram said that the USA had emerged from ww2 economically strong and ideologically weak and this set the scene for the cold war
When was the Truman doctorine
March 12th 1947
What did the Truman doctrine outline
It asked the American people to try and help the victims of communism and it made it clear that communism was the enemy and the the USA had got it right by being capitalist
When was Kennans x article
July 1947
What was Kennans x article
It was a follow up from Kennans telegram done by George Kennan and it proposed the idea of the Americans encouraging soviet containment
When was NSC 1968
April 1950
What is in nsc 1968
Top secret document proposed to harry truman propose containment
When was Zhdanovs two camps speech
September 1947
What was Zhdanovs two camps speech
It proposed zhandovism which was a process of all soviet cultrural contributors have to align with soviet values
What is salami tactics
The tactics the USSR used to take over governments
1st stage of salami tactics
Form. Coalition with government
2nd stage of salami tactics
Marginalisation of the non communists in the coalition
3rd stage of salami tactics
Election where the communists win
What was the Marshall plan
The Marshall plan is a huge economic aid package put together by the USA which was offered to
countries in Europe and this money was given to them to help them restore their economies
Economic reasons for the Marshall plan
it would give the USA people to trade with, they need to revive the world economies
Political reasons for the Marshall plan
they did it to make capitalism look better, they are going against the communist Italian party which had two million members, it aided them in the containment of communism, they need to revive the economy so they can prove that free markets are successful, if they left the economy in a bad state people would require change and these are the conditions that communism thrives under
Strategic reasons for the Marshall plan
they are going against the communist Italian party which had two million members and Italy was democratically elected communism which makes it even more severe, it aided them in containment of the USSR
Czech response to Marshall aid
Meeting between tito and Stalin where Stalin told tito he could not take Marshall aid which he ended up taking
When was cominform formed
1947
What was cominform
the political side of the Soviet Union talking more control of Eastern Europe and they ensure ideological conformity throughout the soviet sphere of influence
What was comincon
Soviet version of Marshall aid but they had to remain in the soviet sphere of influence
How did the USSR and USA disagree on Berlin
The sectors agreed on participating via denazification and demilitarisation but the sectors began to disagree when England and the USA began to combine their zones to form Bizonia in order to aid the economic recovery of the area
How did the Marshall plan and currency reform increase tensions
The west received the Marshall plan which was 1.4 billion and the east were banned by Stalin from receiving this so it was an example of the west outshining the east and making Stalin look bad so this made Stalin view them badly which increased tensions.
Stalin’s actions in east Berlin
At the Potsdam conference it was decided that Berlin should have free elections. This occurred in the east and the CDU took power in 1946. However in the east the KPD communist party lost the election but Stalin forced them to merge with the SDP party who won the election.
When was bizonia formed
Feb - march 1948
When was trizonia formed
17th June 1948
When was Soviet currency reform
23rd June 1948
What currency was introduced in the west
Deutschmark
When did the Berlin blockade start
Saturday 26th June
When was nato formed
4th April 1949
When did the Soviet blockade end
11th may 1949
How much did the us donate by 1952
13 billion
Czech crisis
Whe the USSR invaded Czechia’s so it was no longer a satellite state it was part of the USSR
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Flashcard (35)