Byzantine Empire & Orthodox Christianity

Trade and Contantinople

Daily income from trade reached 20,000 pieces

Merchants sold goods like silk, spices, gems, fur

Constantnople connected Europe and Asia becoming the most popular marketplace in medieval Europe

The City was located at the strait of bosphorus and connected the Mediterranean and Black Sea

Church of Hagia Sophia

The church was destroyed in 532

Emperor justinine rebuilt the Church and it served as the brightest Jewel of Constantinople

Justinian’s Church stood as the largest religious building

In 1457 when constantinople frll The church was turned into a mosque

Justinian and Theodora

When the Byzantine empire was under Justinian rule, it was the largest of its time

Justinian created his own law code which reached even to Western Europe

His wife Theodora supported him and served as a co-ruler and advisor

Justinian was an autocrat and a sole ruler that had a complete authority

Byzantine Christianity and Icons

Emperor control Church affairs and appointed the patriarchs rejecting the Pope's authority

In the 700s, an emperor outlawed, the use of icons causing violent conflicts within the empire

The chief Byzantine holy day was Easter

Orthodox and Christian churches treated each other like rivals

Crisis and Collapse

In 1090 The Byzantine empire called for Western help to fight

In 1453 ottoman forces surrounded the city of Constantinople

The Christian city was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman empire

In Western Europe, local Lords gained control of large areas

Byzantine Heritage and the map

The byzantines built on the culture of Hellenistic world

Many Greek scholars left Constantinople to teach at Italian universities

Byzantine scholars preserve the classic works of ancient Greece

The empire was seen as an enduring symbol of Roman civilization

240 except the “Growth of Kiev”

Moscow was seen as the third rome after the fall of Constantinople

The country of Ukraine was home to Russia's first civilization

Russia's network of rivers provided transportation for people and goods

Russia lies on the vast Eurasian plane

Growth of Kiev & Varangians

In the 1700s and 1800s Vikings steered their longships out of Scandinavia

The slaves had a simple political organization and organized their own clans

The city of Kiev was known as the heart of trade at Constantinople

They traded along the rivers that ran between the Baltic and black seas

Remainder of page 241

Cyrillic alphabet became the written script used in Russia and Ukraine

In 1959 princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byzantine Christianity

Byzantine Christianity set the pattern from close ties between church and state

Keith enjoyed a golden age under yero slave, the wise who ruled from 1019 to 1054

Conversion of the Slavs

Byzantine missionaries spread Christianity to Slavic regions through diplomacy.

Religion and language helped unify Slavic peoples under Christianity.

Eastern Orthodox faith influenced most Slavic kingdoms

Christian conversion often supported by rulers to gain Byzantine favor.

Missionary work replaced many pagan beliefs with Christian traditions.

Great Schism

Schism split Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Disputes over pope’s authority versus patriarchs fueled conflict.

They had different rituals like the use of leavened bread

Latin dominated the western church

Greke dominated the eastern church