Affect and Emotion 2

Active avoidance

fight flight freeze system FFFS

Active approach

behavioral activation system BAS

Behavioral inhibition system BIS

responds to conflict between and within FFFS and BAS

anxiety-related circuits

basal amygdala

lateral amygdala

central amygdala

ventral hippocampus

activating basolateral amygdala (BLA) induces

anxiety like behavior

inhibiting central amygdala

decreases anxiety like behavior

(in)activating BLA projections to hippocampus

modulates behavioral inhibition (via downstream projections to septum, hypothalamus)

BIS inhibition is distinct from

controlled top-down inhibition where you are actively inhibiting action

BIS is moreso global cautious approach/behavior

People vary in their

sensitivity to reward and punishment, including their BIS vs. FFFS sensitivity

participants are more likely to identify/discriminate perceptual stimuli if they are preceded by

emotional versus neutral faces

fearful faces elicit greater

FFA activation than neutral expressions across attention conditions

amygdala damage selectively extinguishes

emotional effect from fearful faces

affective information attracts ___ stimulus-relevant responses and ___ with stimulus-irrelevant responses

facilitating, interfering

higher emotional arousal at encoding lead to

higher proportion correct in memory recall

blocking arousal at encoding (via propranolol) leads to

less percentage correct of the emotional part of the story later on in recall

alternatively,

more percentage correct of the neutral part of the story later on in recall

amygdala lesions impair

recall enhancement of arousing events

skin conductance rate was less

high a week after recalling traumatic event under propranolol

emotional stimuli more likely to be

remembered, largely driven by arousal

arousal re-focuses attention toward

arousing stimuli, away from peripheral items

memory can be blocked by

inhibiting arousal at/near encoding

memory biased towards

stimuli congruent with mood at encoding

positive affect improves performance

increased flexibility

positive affect impairs performance

increased distractibility

affective associations can

prioritize a stimulus (target or distractor) at short and long time scales, de-prioritize peripheral stimuli

invigorate cognitive processing towards those stimuli

favor flexibility vs. stability of working memory