unit 4 bio - biological molecules

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What elements make up fats and oils?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What elements make up proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sometimes sulfur)

What is starch made from?

Glucose

What is glycogen made from?

Glucose

What is cellulose made from?

Glucose

What are proteins made from?

Amino acids

What are fats and oils made from?

Fatty acids and glycerol

What is the test for starch?

Add iodine solution; a blue-black color indicates starch

What is the test for reducing sugars?

Add Benedict’s solution and heat; a brick-red precipitate indicates reducing sugars

What is the test for proteins?

Add biuret solution; a purple color indicates protein

What is the test for fats and oils?

Add ethanol then water; a milky white emulsion indicates fat

What is the test for vitamin C?

Add DCPIP; the blue color disappears if vitamin C is present

What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

Two strands coiled together to form a double helix

What holds the DNA strands together?

Bonds between pairs of bases

How do DNA bases pair up?

A with T, and C with G