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chemistry
scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
chemical
any substance that has a defined composition
mass
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
element
a substance that cannot be separated of broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number
compound
a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
extensive property
a property that depends on the extent or size of a system
intensive property
a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as pressure, temperature, or density
physical property
a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
physical change
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
change of state
the change of a substance from one physical state to another
solid
the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
liquid
the state of matter that has a definitive volume but not a definite shape
gas
a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
plasma
in physical science, a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized; it consists of free moving ions and electrons, takes on an electric charge, and its properties differ from those of a solid, liquid, or gas
chemical property
a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions
chemical change
a change that occurs when one or more substances change entirely into new substances with different properties
chemical reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
reactant
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties
family
a vertical column of the periodic table
period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
metal
an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well
nonmetal
an element that conducts hear and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution
metalliod
an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetal; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor
