Studied by 22 people
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Cornea
The clear outer covering of the eye.
Iris
The colored muscle that enlarges and contracts to control the amount of light entering the eye.
Lens
The part of the eye that focuses and bends light so that it reaches the correct spot on the retina.
Retina
The back of the eye that contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that receive light.
Rods
Photoreceptors in the retina that are responsible for vision in dim light conditions and have lower acuity and temporal resolution than cones.
Cones
Photoreceptors in the retina that are responsible for day vision, color vision, and have higher acuity and temporal resolution than rods.
S-Cones
wavelength sensitive cones that are most sensitive to blue light
M-Cones
wavelength sensitive cones that are most sensitive to green light
L-Cones
wavelength sensitive cones that are most sensitive to red light
Trichromat
A person with regular vision that uses all three color pigments (red, green, blue).
Protanomaly
A type of anomalous trichromat vision where red sensitivity is reduced.
Deuteranomaly
A type of anomalous trichromat vision where green sensitivity is reduced.
Tritanomaly
A type of anomalous trichromat vision where blue sensitivity is reduced.
Dichromat
A person with vision that uses only 2 of the 3 visual pigments (red, green, or blue).
Protanopia
A type of dichromat vision where red cannot be received.
Deuteranopia
A type of dichromat vision where green cannot be received.
Tritanopia
A type of dichromat vision where blue cannot be received.
Achromatopsia
A person with monochromatic vision that can only see one color or grayscale.
Point
A specific element or focal point in a composition.
Line
An actual or implied element in a composition.
Plane
A two-dimensional element or an element that implies two-dimensionality within a composition.
Volume
Fully three-dimensional objects in a composition.
Symmetry
A balanced arrangement of elements.
Asymmetry
An unbalanced arrangement of elements.
Axial Symmetry
Symmetry where whatever happens on one side of the line or axis, happens on the other.
Biaxial Symmetry
Symmetry that occurs both horizontally and vertically.
Translational or Linear Symmetry
Repetition of an element or object along a line.
Axial Balance
Approximate symmetry where the two sides may be different in form but sufficiently similar to make the axis positively felt.
Occult Balance
Balanced asymmetry that controls opposing attractions through a felt equality between the parts of the field.
Formal Factors
Elements such as shape, size, position, direction, interval, and attitude in a composition.
Rhythm
The repetition of elements in a composition
Fibonacci Sequence
A sequence of numbers (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...) that can be used to generate a proportioning system.
Law of Thirds
The rule of dividing a rectangle or square into thirds vertically and horizontally, with the four intersecting points being the points of optimal focus.
Goethe's Color Triangle
A color triangle that arranges three primary colors at the vertices and places secondary colors in between the two primaries that are mixed to form them.
Chroma
A synonym for hue and color, also used to describe the relative presence of hue in a sample.
Hue
The name of a color, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or violet.
Hue Intensity
The saturation or purity of a color, its vivid versus dull quality.
Intensity
The strength of a hue, sometimes used as a synonym for brilliance.
Maximum Chroma
The strongest possible manifestation of a hue.
Monochromatic
Containing only one hue.
Saturation
The degree of purity of a color, its hue intensity or vivid quality.
Saturated Color
The most intense manifestation of a color, undiluted by black, white, or gray.
Tone
A nonspecific word referring to some change in hue, often used to mean a graying or reduction in saturation.
Value
The relative light and dark of a color, with or without the presence of hue.
Pigment
The ground, powdered substance that provides color in a paint or dye.
Organic Pigment
Pigments derived from compounds containing carbon, typically from living matter.
Inorganic Pigment
Pigments derived from earth materials and minerals or metals.
Paint
Pigment suspended in liquid that forms a layer on a surface.
Dye
Pigment dissolved in liquid that is absorbed into a surface.
Subtractive Color Mixing
The mixing of red, blue, and yellow (the artist's primaries) to form orange, green, and violet (the secondaries), with all three mixed resulting in near-black.
Additive Color Mixing
The mixing of red, green, and blue (the light primaries) to form cyan, magenta, and yellow (the secondaries), with all three mixed resulting in white light.
Process Color Mixing
The mixing of cyan, magenta, and yellow (the process primaries) to form red, blue, and green (the secondaries), with all three mixed resulting in a dull, dark gray.
Warm Colors
Colors that contain red and appear to advance.
Cool Colors
Colors that contain blue or green and appear to recede.
Color Index
A classification system that categorizes pigments by their chemical composition.
Staining
The process of pigment adhering strongly to a surface, making it difficult to remove.
Lifting
The process of removing pigment from a surface.
Spreading, Blossoming
The tendency of some colors to spread and creep along a damp surface when placed on a wet surface.
Settling
The tendency of some colors to settle wherever they are placed on a damp surface.
Soft edges
Creating smooth and blended transitions between colors or shapes in a painting.
Round brush
A type of brush used for creating various marks and details in watercolor painting.
Flat brush
A brush used for creating lines of different thicknesses in watercolor painting.
Hake brush
A large brush used for creating large washes in watercolor painting.
Fan brush
A brush used for blending colors in watercolor painting.
Synthetic brushes
Brushes that have good control but do not hold much liquid
Sable brushes
High-quality brushes known for their ability to hold a lot of liquid and come to a fine point.
Washes
A fundamental technique in watercolor painting, where the paint is applied in a thin, transparent layer.
Brushstrokes
Different marks and strokes made with a brush, used to create texture and define shapes in a painting.
Raster imaging
A type of digital image created using dots or pixels, without any "intelligence" associated with the image.
Raster image - Painting
Creating flat drawings or two-dimensional work using raster imaging.
Resolution dependent
The quality and level of detail in a raster image is dependent on its resolution.
Vector
A type of digital image created using mathematical equations, allowing for scalability without loss of quality.
Native file formats
File formats specific to a particular software application, which preserve layer information and take advantage of application-specific features
Interpolation
A software solution to increase the resolution of a scan by scanning at up to four times the built-in optical resolution and filling in missing pixels by averaging.
Histogram
A graphic display, often a bar graph, showing the frequency of occurrence of different categories.
Formal Analysis
A method of analyzing paintings that considers elements such as color palette, range of values, brush strokes, foreground, vanishing points, communication of emotion, description of space, spatial organization, geometry, literal vs. symbolic depictions, title, artist, location, owner(s), size, and medium/media.
