Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Atom
the smallest unit of matter that can enter into a chemical reaction
molecule
a combination of atoms forming a specific chemical compound
chemistry
the science of the interactions between atoms and molecules
nucleus
the part of an atom consisting of the protons and neutrons; the part of a eukaryote cell that contains the genetic material
electron
a negatively charged particle in motion around the nucleus of an atom
protons
a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
neutrons
an uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
atomic mass
the total number of protons nad neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
chemical element
a fundamental substance composed of atoms that have the same atomic number and behave the same way chemically
Isotope
a form of chemical element in which the number of neutrons in the nucleus is different from the other forms of that element
electron shell
a region of an atom where electrons orbit the nucleus, corresponding to an energy level
energy level
potential energy of an electron in an atom
energy configuration
the arrangement of electron in shells or energy levels in an atom
valence
the combining capacity of an atom or a molecule
compound
a substance compound of two or more different chemical elements
chemical bond
an attractive force between atoms forming a molecule
ion
a negatively or positively charged atom or group of atoms
ionic bond
a chemical bond formed when atoms gain or lose electrons in the outer energy levels
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
an ion with a negative charge
covalent bond
a chemical bond in which the electrons of one atom are shared with another atom
hydrogen bond
a bond between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to oxygen or nitrogen and another covalently bonded oxygen or nitrogen atom
molecular mass
the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms making up a molecule
mole
an amount of a chemical equal to the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the chemical
Dalton; Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
unit of mass for atoms, ions or molecules; equal 1g/mole
chemical reaction
the process of making or breaking bond between atoms
endergonic reaction
a chemical reaction that requires energy
exergonic reaction
a chemical reaction that releases energy
synthesis reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or atoms combine to form a new, larger molecule
anabolism
all synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecule from simpler ones
decomposition reaction
a chemical reaction in which bonds are broken to produce smaller parts form a larger molecule
catabolism
all decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones
exchange reaction
a chemical reaction that has both synthesis and decomposition components
Reversible reaction
a chemical reaction in which the end products can readily rever to the orginal molecules
Inorganic Compound
a small molecule that does not contain carbon and hydrogen
Organic Compound
a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen
polar molecule
a molecule with an unequal distribution of changes
Solvent
a dissolving medium
Dissociation
the separation of a compound into positive and negative ions in solution
Solute
a substance dissolved in another substance
Ionization
The separation (dissociation) of a molecule into ions
Acid
a substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and one or more negative ions
Base
a substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (OH2) and one or more positive ions
Salt
a substance that dissolves in water to cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH2
pH
the symbol for hydrogen ion (H+) concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Buffer
a substance that tends to stabilize the pH of a solution
Carbon Skeleton
the basic chain or ring of carbon atoms in a molecule
functional groups
an arrangement of atoms in an organic molecule that is responsible for the most of the chemical properties of the molecule
Macromolecule
a large organic molecule
polymer
a molecule consisting of a sequence of similar molecules, or monomers
monomer
a small molecule that collectively combines to form polymers
dehydration synthesis/ Condensation synthesis
a chemical reaction in which a molecule of water is released; also called dehydration synthesis
carbohydrate
an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio; includes starches, sugars and cellulose
monosaccharide
a simple sugar consisting of 3-7 carbon atoms
disaccharide
a sugar consisting of two simple sugars, or monosaccharides
Oligosaccharide
a carbohydrate consisting of 2 to approximately 20 monosaccharides
Isomer
one or two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures
hydrolysis
a decomposition reaction in which chemical react with the H+ and OH- of a water molecule
Polysaccharide
a carbohydrate consisting of 8 or more monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis
Lipid
a non-water soluble organic molecule, inlcusing triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
Steroids
a specific group of lipids, including cholesterol and hormones
proteins
a large molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (and sulfur); some have a helical structure and others are pleated sheets
Amino Acid
an organic acid containing an amino group and a carboxyl group. In alpha-amino acids the amino and carboxyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom called alpha-carbon
stereoisomers
two molecules consisting of the same atoms, arranged in the same manner but differing in their relative positions; mirror images; also called D-ismoer and L-isomer
peptide bond
a bond joining the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a second amino acid with the loss of a water molecule
denaturation
a change in the molecular structure of a protein, usually making it nonfunctional
nucleic acid
a macromolecule consisting of nucleotides; DNA and RNA
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
the class of nucleic acids that comprises messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA
nucleotide
a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate
deoxyribose
a five-carbon sugar contained in DNA nucleotides
ribose
a five-carbon sugar that is part of ribonucleotide molecules and RNA
purines
the class of nucleic acid bases that includes adenine and guanine
pyrimidines
the class of nucleic acid bases that includes uracil, thymine, and cytosine
Nucleoside
a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base and a pentose sugar
double helix
refers to two adjacent, antiparallel strands of DNA sound into a spiral
messenger RNA (mRNA)
the type of RNA molecule that directs the incorporation of amino acids into proteins
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
the type of RNA molecule that forms ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA)
the type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosomal site where they are incorporated into proteins
RNA interference/ RNAi
stops gene expression at transcription by using a short interfering RNA to make double-stranded RNA
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
an important intracellular energy source
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
the substance formed when ATP is hydrolyzed and energy is released