PHA6129 Lab: Definition of Terms

Active Ingredient

portion of a drug that has therapeutic properties.

Antineoplastic

acting to prevent, inhibit or half development of a neoplasm (tumor)

Area Under the Curve (AUC)

amount or extent of drug absorption

Bin card I

stock record form in which information on receipts, prices, issuances and balances of stocks is recorded.

maintained with each product in the storage area as a duplicate record.

Bioavailability

rate and extent of availability of an active ingredient from a dosage form as measured by the concentration /time curve in the systemic circulation or its excretion in the urine

Bioequivalence

two related drugs that show comparable bioavailability and similar times to achieve peak blood concentration.

Biological products

viruses, sera, toxins, and analogous products used for the prevention or cure of human diseases.

Clinical toxicology

effects of substances in patients caused by accidental poisoning or intentional overdoses of medications, drugs of abuse, household products or various other chemicals.

Cold Chain Monitors

cards used to monitor the temperature of vaccines during distribution

Dangerous drugs

drugs included in the list of Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the annexes which are an integral part of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Device

instrument, apparatus, or contrivances including their components, parts, and accessories intended for the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or animals, or two (2) to affect the structure or any function of the body in man or animals.

Dispensing

act by a validly registered pharmacist of filling a prescription or doctor's order o the patient's chart

Drug-Drug Interaction

pharmacologic or clinical response to the administration of a drug combination different from that anticipated from the known effects of the two (2) agents when given alone.

Drug Outlets

drugstores, hospital pharmacy and other business establishment, which sells drugs or medicines

Drug Product or Medicine

finished form that contains the active ingredient(s) generally, but not necessarily in association with inactive ingredients.

Drugs

articles recognized in the current official United States Pharmacopoeia- National Drug Formulary (USP-NF)

use to diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in man or animal

intended to affect the structure or function of the body of man or animals

First Expiry First Out (FEFO)

inventory management in which products with the earliest expiry date are the first products issued, regardless of the order in which they are received.

First In First Out (FIFO)

method of inventory management in which the first products received is the first products issued.

Generic Dispensing

dispensing the patient's/buyer's choice from among generic equivalents, i.e. finished pharmaceutical products having the same active ingredient(s), same dosage form and same strength as the prescribed drug

Generic Prescribing

prescribing of drugs and medicines using their generic name(s) or generic terminology.

Generic Substitution

act of dispensing a different branded or unbranded drug product for the drug product prescribed

Inventory

total stock kept on hand at any storage point to protect against uncertainty, permit bulk purchasing, minimize waiting time, increase transportation efficiency, and buffer against seasonal fluctuations.

Inventory Control

method of supply management that aims to provide sufficient stocks of drugs at the lowest costs possible.

Menu Card

list of drug products in generic names with brand names, ( if any), and corresponding selling prices, which is posted outside the dispensing area of the hospital pharmacy. It should be readily accessible to the patient/consumer.

Medication Error

any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient's harm, while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer

Non-prescription or over the counter drug

drugs that may be dispensed even without an order of a validly registered physician, dentist, or veterinarian in duly licensed drug outlets. When dispensing OTC drugs without a doctor's prescription, it is the duty of the pharmacist to provide the necessary information and direction for use of the drug product

Overdose

intentional toxic exposure either in the form of a suicide attempt or as an inadvertent exposure secondary to intentional drug abuse.

Pallet

transportable flat storage base with or without sides, designed to hold goods and to permit handling by mechanical aids such as pallet trucks and forklifts.

Peak Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax)

plasma drug concentration at Tmax that relates to the intensity of the pharmacological response.

Piggyback Infusions

• used to administer doses of IV medications such as potassium or antibiotics

• solutions or dilutions given through a secondary line.

Pharmaceutical care

responsible provision of pharmaco-therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve or maintains a patient's quality of life

Pharmaceutical equivalence

medicinal products that contain the same active ingredient(s) in the same dosage forms that meets the same or comparable standards

Pharmacodynamics

response following administration of a drug is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the site of its action, which is a function of the dose, administered

Pharmacoeconomics

scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another

Pharmacokinetics

quantitative items dependent changes of both the plasma drug concentration and the total amount of drug in the body, following the drug's administration by various routes

Pharmacy

branch of pharmacology that deals with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of drugs.

Pharmacotherapeutics

study of the uses of drugs in the treatment of disease.

Poison

drug, active principle or preparation of the same capable of destroying life or seriously endangering health when applied externally to the body or introduced internally in moderate doses.

Poisoning

accidental toxic exposure

Prescription

written or electronic order and instruction of a validly registered physician, dentist or veterinarian for the use of a specific drug product for a specific patient or animal.

Prescription or Ethical Drugs

dispensed upon a written order of a validly registered physician, dentist or veterinarian.

Quality Assurance

investigational function involves the auditing of quality control procedure and systems with suggestions for changes as needed.

STAT Orders

• emergency medications (needed only in life threatening situations) and written by the prescribing physician

• Pharmacy can fill these orders in five (5) minutes or less if the order is called down and ready for pick up.

S-3 license

license issued by PDEA to the pharmacists who sell, procure, acquire, deal in or with specified (a) dangerous drugs preparations or (b) drug preparations, in parenteral or tablet or capsule form,

Stock card

stock record form that provides basic information for inventory management by recording all transactions for an item including receipts, issues, orders received and stock losses

Therapeutic equivalence

two similar drugs have comparable efficacy and safety

Therapeutic Index

ratio of the dose that produces toxicity to the dose that produces critically desired or effective response in a population of individuals

Time for Peak Plasma Drug Concentration (Tmax)

relates to the rate constants for systemic drug absorption and elimination.

Toxicology

study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them.

Wholesaler

every person who acts as merchant, broker, or agent, who sells or distributes for resale pharmaceuticals, propriety medicines or pharmaceutical specialties.