CSUF ART 201A Exam 1: Art History Terms & Definitions

0.0(0)

Studied by 36 people

Learn

Practice Test

Spaced Repetition

Match

Flashcards

Card Sorting

1/26

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics

Name	Mastery	Learn	Test	Matching	Spaced

No study sessions yet.

27 Terms

New cards

Spotted Horses and Human Hands, Paleolithic, Pech-Merle, France, opp. p. 1

FRANCE.

Paleolithic

- Prehistoric Cave Painting

- Pach-Mel, France

- Air brush technique with charcoal blown through a hollow bone.

- Used as teaching tools

- Evidence of children hand-marks and footprints

- Wanted to keep it private

<p>FRANCE.</p><p>Paleolithic</p><p>- Prehistoric Cave Painting</p><p>- Pach-Mel, France</p><p>- Air brush technique with charcoal blown through a hollow bone.</p><p>- Used as teaching tools</p><p>- Evidence of children hand-marks and footprints</p><p>- Wanted to keep it private</p>

New cards

Woman from Willendorf, Austria, Paleolithic, p. 6

AUSTRIA.

Paleolithic

- Upper Paleolithic period

- Sculpture made from Limestone

- Austria

- Symbolic of health and fertility

- Believed to be the desired body type

- Motherhood/Fertility

from about 24,000 BCE (see "The Power of Naming" opposite).

-Carved from limestone and originally colored with red ocher

-The sculptor exaggerated the figure's female attributes by giving it pendulous breasts, a big belly with a deep navel (actually a natural indentation in

the stone), wide hips, and dimpled knees and buttocks.

<p>AUSTRIA.</p><p>Paleolithic</p><p>- Upper Paleolithic period</p><p>- Sculpture made from Limestone</p><p>- Austria</p><p>- Symbolic of health and fertility</p><p>- Believed to be the desired body type</p><p>- Motherhood/Fertility</p><p>from about 24,000 BCE (see "The Power of Naming" opposite).</p><p>-Carved from limestone and originally colored with red ocher</p><p>-The sculptor exaggerated the figure's female attributes by giving it pendulous breasts, a big belly with a deep navel (actually a natural indentation in</p><p>the stone), wide hips, and dimpled knees and buttocks.</p>

New cards

Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France, Paleolithic, p. 10

FRANCE.

Paleolithic

- Prehistoric Cave Paintings on Limestone

- Lascaux Cave in Southern France

- Impressed Picaso

- Animals are full of life and are in composite pose

- Curving of wall suggest space

- Animals are overlapping and in rows

- High up on the ceilings

- Could have been used to teach children which animals to run away from

-the Lascaux painters depicted cows, bulls, horses, and deer along the natural ledges of the rock, where the smooth white limestone of the ceiling and upper wall meets a rougher surface below.

-They also used the curving wall to suggest space.

-animals full of life and energy

<p>FRANCE.</p><p>Paleolithic</p><p>- Prehistoric Cave Paintings on Limestone</p><p>- Lascaux Cave in Southern France</p><p>- Impressed Picaso</p><p>- Animals are full of life and are in composite pose</p><p>- Curving of wall suggest space</p><p>- Animals are overlapping and in rows</p><p>- High up on the ceilings</p><p>- Could have been used to teach children which animals to run away from</p><p>-the Lascaux painters depicted cows, bulls, horses, and deer along the natural ledges of the rock, where the smooth white limestone of the ceiling and upper wall meets a rougher surface below.</p><p>-They also used the curving wall to suggest space.</p><p>-animals full of life and energy</p>

New cards

Stonehenge, England, Neolithic, p. 18

ENGLAND.

Neolithic

- Prehistoric

- Neolithic stretched to Bronze Age

- Megalithic Monument

- Bluestone and Gray Sandstone

- , England

- Started as cemetery of cremation burials

- Bluestone was transported (important)

- Ceremonial site

- Farmers used this to kept track of the time of the year (Calendar)

- Someone was able to direct all the labor. (Stones were heavy)

- Cemetery, Spiritual site, etc.

- A henge is a circle of stones or posts, often surrounded by a ditch with built- up embankments.

-The site started as a cemetery of cremation burials marked by a

circle of bluestones.

-function as a domain of

the dead.

-We now believethat Stonehenge was the site of cere- monies linked to death and burial.

<p>ENGLAND.</p><p>Neolithic</p><p>- Prehistoric</p><p>- Neolithic stretched to Bronze Age</p><p>- Megalithic Monument</p><p>- Bluestone and Gray Sandstone</p><p>- , England</p><p>- Started as cemetery of cremation burials</p><p>- Bluestone was transported (important)</p><p>- Ceremonial site</p><p>- Farmers used this to kept track of the time of the year (Calendar)</p><p>- Someone was able to direct all the labor. (Stones were heavy)</p><p>- Cemetery, Spiritual site, etc.</p><p>- A henge is a circle of stones or posts, often surrounded by a ditch with built- up embankments.</p><p>-The site started as a cemetery of cremation burials marked by a</p><p>circle of bluestones.</p><p>-function as a domain of</p><p>the dead.</p><p>-We now believethat Stonehenge was the site of cere- monies linked to death and burial.</p>

New cards

Carved Vase, Sumerian, Iraq, p. 31

IRAQ.

Sumerian

- Narrative art

- Stories are related to the images

- Bottom = water & plants

- animals

- people

- Goddess of war and fertility

-shows how early Mesopotamian sculptors told stories in stone with great clarity and energy. They organized this visual narrative in three registers, or horizontal bands, and condensed the story to its essential elements.

<p>IRAQ.</p><p>Sumerian</p><p>- Narrative art</p><p>- Stories are related to the images</p><p>- Bottom = water & plants</p><p>- animals</p><p>- people</p><p>- Goddess of war and fertility</p><p>-shows how early Mesopotamian sculptors told stories in stone with great clarity and energy. They organized this visual narrative in three registers, or horizontal bands, and condensed the story to its essential elements.</p>

New cards

Great Lyre with Bull's Head and Front Panel, Sumerian, Iraq, p. 33

IRAQ.

Sumerian

- Sumerian Style

- From royal tomb in Ur

- Wood with gold, silver lapis lazuli, bitumen and shell

- Rested over body of woman who played lyre during funeral ceremonies

- On registers: donkey plucks strings of bull lyre and a fox is playing a rattle

- Next register: Animals bring food/drink for feast

- Hyena who is a butcher and lion with pouring vessel

- Bottom Register: From the "Epic of Gilgamesh"

<p>IRAQ.</p><p>Sumerian</p><p>- Sumerian Style</p><p>- From royal tomb in Ur</p><p>- Wood with gold, silver lapis lazuli, bitumen and shell</p><p>- Rested over body of woman who played lyre during funeral ceremonies</p><p>- On registers: donkey plucks strings of bull lyre and a fox is playing a rattle</p><p>- Next register: Animals bring food/drink for feast</p><p>- Hyena who is a butcher and lion with pouring vessel</p><p>- Bottom Register: From the "Epic of Gilgamesh"</p>

New cards

Ziggurat dedicated to Moon God Nanna, Sumerian, Iraq, p. 37

IRAQ.

Sumerian

-mud- brick faced with kiln-dried brick set with bitumen

New cards

Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian, Iraq, p. 26

IRAQ.

Akkadian

- Showing us a "all powerful king"

- kicking and stepping on soldiers

- proclaiming himself a God on earth

New cards

Stele of Hammurabi, Babylonian, Iraq, p. 39

IRAQ.

- Babylonian

- Everyone knew what the rules were, and consequences were

- If you're from the elite, punishment was less harsh

-Hammurabi standing in an attitude of prayer before Shamash, the sun god and god of justice.

New cards

Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden, Assyrian, Iraq, p. 43

IRAQ.

- Assyrian

- Wife having a feast

- Fan holders

- Military victory

-victory celebration.

New cards

Palette of Narmer, Early Dynastic Egypt, p. 52

EGYPT.

Early Dynasty

- Horus

- Narmar is very powerful

- "Upper and Lower Egypt are equal"

- From Hierakonpolis. Early Dynastic Period

- Found in temple of Horus

- Made from Green schist

- Used to ground eye makeup & as a ceremonial piece

- Represents the unification of Egypt and the beginning of the country's growth as a powerful nation-state

"Narmer is beheading an enemy from lower Egypt

Above this is Horus (falcon) holds a rope tied around the neck of a head that has papyrus in it (Lower Egypt)

Cats curled and touching noses=peace between Upper and Lower Egypt"

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>Early Dynasty</p><p>- Horus</p><p>- Narmar is very powerful</p><p>- "Upper and Lower Egypt are equal"</p><p>- From Hierakonpolis. Early Dynastic Period</p><p>- Found in temple of Horus</p><p>- Made from Green schist</p><p>- Used to ground eye makeup & as a ceremonial piece</p><p>- Represents the unification of Egypt and the beginning of the country's growth as a powerful nation-state</p><p>"Narmer is beheading an enemy from lower Egypt</p><p>Above this is Horus (falcon) holds a rope tied around the neck of a head that has papyrus in it (Lower Egypt)</p><p>Cats curled and touching noses=peace between Upper and Lower Egypt"</p>

New cards

Step Pyramid and Funerary Complex of Djoser by Imhotep, Old Kingdom Egypt,

p. 54

EGYPT.

Old Kingdom

- First Egyptian pyramid

- Djoser's fake city

- Thought he would stay there after death

New cards

Pyramids of Giza, Old Kingdom Egypt, p. 56

EGYPT.

Old Kingdom (4th Dynasty)

- Limestone and granite

- Built by Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure

- Follow sun's east-west path

- Pathway from Nile to pyramid where king was carried into chamber

New cards

Menkaure and Queen, Old Kingdom Egypt, p. 59

EGYPT.

Old Kingdom

- Royal

- Stiff

- Wants to portray themselves and powerful

New cards

Seated Scribe, Old Kingdom Egypt, p. 60

EGYPT.

Old Kingdom

- Humble figure

- Someone educated and in elite class

- Body is soft unlike most of the people around the time who had to work hard, often ending up skinner and rougher

- Paid extra money for the sculpture (eyes are more life-like)

- Showed that Egyptians had the skill to carve realistically

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>Old Kingdom</p><p>- Humble figure</p><p>- Someone educated and in elite class</p><p>- Body is soft unlike most of the people around the time who had to work hard, often ending up skinner and rougher</p><p>- Paid extra money for the sculpture (eyes are more life-like)</p><p>- Showed that Egyptians had the skill to carve realistically</p>

New cards

Hatshepsut Kneeling, New Kingdom Egypt, p. 68

EGYPT.

- New Kingdom

- Eighteenth Dynasty

- Red Granite

- Represented as a male king wearing a kilt & linen headdress, occasionally even a king's false beard

- She was adapted to conform to convention

- She adopted the male costume of a king

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Eighteenth Dynasty</p><p>- Red Granite</p><p>- Represented as a male king wearing a kilt & linen headdress, occasionally even a king's false beard</p><p>- She was adapted to conform to convention</p><p>- She adopted the male costume of a king</p>

New cards

Akhenaten and His Family, New Kingdom Egypt, p. 71

EGYPT.

- New Kingdom

- Eighteenth Dynasty

- Painted limestone relief

- New Amarna Style

• Sun disc in the center is symbolic of Ahten (The Sun God)

Rays are giving them life

Sunken Relief: Figures are deeply incised

- For the first time the fidgety behavior of children is conveyed and the loving involvement of parents

- Atom was credited for giving life to people.

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Eighteenth Dynasty</p><p>- Painted limestone relief</p><p>- New Amarna Style</p><p>• Sun disc in the center is symbolic of Ahten (The Sun God)</p><p>Rays are giving them life</p><p>Sunken Relief: Figures are deeply incised</p><p>- For the first time the fidgety behavior of children is conveyed and the loving involvement of parents</p><p>- Atom was credited for giving life to people.</p>

New cards

Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun, New Kingdom Egypt, p. 48

EGYPT.

- New Kingdom

- Eighteenth Dynasty

- New Kingdom

- Valley of the Kings

- Gold inlaid with glass & semiprecious stones

- Placed over head & shoulders of mummified body

• Solid gold

• Symbolic of being a military ruler

• Realism

"Believe that he was killed because he did not have any heirs & was young

Pulled major organs out and mummify them separately with salt to dry them

And wrap them in linen"

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Eighteenth Dynasty</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Valley of the Kings</p><p>- Gold inlaid with glass & semiprecious stones</p><p>- Placed over head & shoulders of mummified body</p><p>• Solid gold</p><p>• Symbolic of being a military ruler</p><p>• Realism</p><p>"Believe that he was killed because he did not have any heirs & was young</p><p>Pulled major organs out and mummify them separately with salt to dry them</p><p>And wrap them in linen"</p>

New cards

Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, New Kingdom Egypt, p. 74

EGYPT.

- New Kingdom

- Monument

- Nineteenth Dynasty

- New kingdom

- Carved into the rock

- Four colossal statues of Ramses in a row and small statues of family members & Nefertari

- Honorary temple NOT funerary

• In the center is a dedication to Horus and Ra (disc on top of head)

• In between him are depictions of god

• Row of baboons are symbolic of dedication to Ra

They are greeting the rising sun

"Inside: 8 statues of Osiris with face of Ramses to proclaim his divinity

- The corridor they form leads to seated figures of Ptah, Amun, Ramses II, and Ra (twice a year the sun's rays illuminate the statues)"

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Monument</p><p>- Nineteenth Dynasty</p><p>- New kingdom</p><p>- Carved into the rock</p><p>- Four colossal statues of Ramses in a row and small statues of family members & Nefertari</p><p>- Honorary temple NOT funerary</p><p>• In the center is a dedication to Horus and Ra (disc on top of head)</p><p>• In between him are depictions of god</p><p>• Row of baboons are symbolic of dedication to Ra</p><p>They are greeting the rising sun</p><p>"Inside: 8 statues of Osiris with face of Ramses to proclaim his divinity</p><p>- The corridor they form leads to seated figures of Ptah, Amun, Ramses II, and Ra (twice a year the sun's rays illuminate the statues)"</p>

New cards

Last Judgement Before Osiris from a Book of the Dead, New Kingdom Egypt,

p. 77

EGYPT.

- New Kingdom

- Painted papyrus

- Nineteenth Dynasty

• Top: Hunefer is dedicating himself to all of the 14 gods of the afterlife

• Left: Hunefer led into scene by Anubis (god of embalming). He is holding an ankh.

• Maat is the Goddess of Justice

o Feather and heart are weighed against each other

• Light hearted=Pass

• Heavy hearted= Eaten by omit (hippo, lion, and crocodile)

• Thoth: Recorded everything going on

• Led over to Osiris by Horus holding an ankh

His throne sits on river symbolism made of natron, which was the salt that they embalmed with. Out of it sprouts a lotus flower, which is a symbol of Lower Egypt and everlasting life.

• On the lotus are Horus' four sons which stand for the major organs

Behind Horus are his two sisters

The eye of Horus: "the all-seeing eye". Links to the idea that he found his father, Seth's, body parts. Symbolic of him knowing everything that is happening

<p>EGYPT.</p><p>- New Kingdom</p><p>- Painted papyrus</p><p>- Nineteenth Dynasty</p><p>• Top: Hunefer is dedicating himself to all of the 14 gods of the afterlife</p><p>• Left: Hunefer led into scene by Anubis (god of embalming). He is holding an ankh.</p><p>• Maat is the Goddess of Justice</p><p>o Feather and heart are weighed against each other</p><p>• Light hearted=Pass</p><p>• Heavy hearted= Eaten by omit (hippo, lion, and crocodile)</p><p>• Thoth: Recorded everything going on</p><p>• Led over to Osiris by Horus holding an ankh</p><p>His throne sits on river symbolism made of natron, which was the salt that they embalmed with. Out of it sprouts a lotus flower, which is a symbol of Lower Egypt and everlasting life.</p><p>• On the lotus are Horus' four sons which stand for the major organs</p><p>Behind Horus are his two sisters</p><p>The eye of Horus: "the all-seeing eye". Links to the idea that he found his father, Seth's, body parts. Symbolic of him knowing everything that is happening</p>

New cards

Mummy Wrapping of a Young Boy, Egypt, Roman period, Titanium

EGYPT.

- Roman Period

- First Century

- Ancient technique

- Roman and Egyptian style coming together

New cards

Reconstruction, "Palace" Complex, Knossos, Crete, Minoan, p. 86

MINOAN.

Knossos, Crete

-elaborate new one built after a terrible earthquake shook Crete in .c 1700 BE.

-New Palace period and is considered by many scholars to be the highest point of Minoan civilization. In its heyday, the Knossos complex covered six acres

New cards

Young Girl Gathering Saffron, wall painting (fresco), Minoan, p. 80

MINOAN.

Fresco (wall painting)

hair color indicates shes a young girl

- pluck the crocus flowers blooming on the hillside in front of her (FIG. 4-1), offers us a window into life in the ancient Aegean world. The image is from a fresco of .c 1650 BE found in a house in Akrotiri, a town on the

Aegean island of Thera that was said to be famous for the saffron harvested from its crocuses

-but the light blue color of her scalp indicates that her hair is beginning to grow out, suggesting that she is entering adolescence.

<p>MINOAN.</p><p>Fresco (wall painting)</p><p>hair color indicates shes a young girl</p><p>- pluck the crocus flowers blooming on the hillside in front of her (FIG. 4-1), offers us a window into life in the ancient Aegean world. The image is from a fresco of .c 1650 BE found in a house in Akrotiri, a town on the</p><p>Aegean island of Thera that was said to be famous for the saffron harvested from its crocuses</p><p>-but the light blue color of her scalp indicates that her hair is beginning to grow out, suggesting that she is entering adolescence.</p>

New cards

Bull Leaping (fresco), Palace of Knossos, Crete, Minoan, p. 87

MINOAN.

Palace of Knossos, Crete

Fresco

-The action-perhaps representing an ini- tiation or fertility ritual-shows three scantily clad youths around a gigantic, dappled bull, which is charging in the "flying-gallop" pose. The pale-skinned person at the right-her paleness probably identifying her as a woman is prepared to catch the dark-skinned man in the midst of his leap, and the pale-skinned woman at the left grasps the bull by its horns, perhaps to help steady it or to begin her own vault.