Introduction to the Global History of Capitalism

These flashcards cover key concepts from a lecture on the global history of capitalism, focusing on its various stages, including merchant, war, colonial, industrial and financial capitalism. They also delve into the roles of different nations such as China, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, England, Germany, and the USA, and key figures like Adam Smith, Karl Marx and others.

arbitrarily

According to Karl Marx, 'Men make their own history, but they do not make it __ , under circumstances they themselves have selected.

die

According to Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, 'A people who freely discuss are a people who live and walk, a people who do not discuss is a people who __.'

decentralization , marchandisation , accumulation

According to the lecture, the definition of capitalism puts the emphasis on __, __, and __ as fundamental traits.

grand empires

The first intensifications of capitalism are observed in the __ (Empire of Rome, Califat Abbaside, Empire of China, etc.)

Omeyyades , Abbasides

The great Arab empire which continues under the and (7th to 13th century) includes Western Asia, North Africa and Spain, establishing Islam as a universal religion.

12th

In the Europe medieval, capitalisms marchand began to imporse in the commerce after the __ century.

Hanse

A well-known example of the federations of marchands is the __ which was first a reunion merchants from north of Germany and several cites.

medieval

The constitution of enterprises associated with a proper juridic personne represents a new step in the evolution of __ merchant, specially in the 13th century.

force , commerce

The 15th century is a particular period of European history described the era where a great part of the world was submited by the European power trough and _.

involuntary

The arrival of the Espagnols and Portugais triggered an __ holocaust because the Europeans were carriers of mortal micro-organisms against which the indigenous populations had no protection.

Traite de Tordesillas

In 1494, the discoveries achieved by Portugal and Spain incited the Pope to calm the rivalry between two kingdom in sharing the world in two zones of influence, this event was named ___.

temples , palasts

The gold and silver, first pillaged in South America then subdued to a mass exploitation in the mines of this continent, become a method of payment in the commercials inter exchanges, which accelerated the inflation in Europe and finish for a good part in the and of Asia.

ports , africans

The development of triangular Atlantic commerce where the occidental commerce, marchands and navigators, exported from Europe merchandise destination to the consumption of mass (textiles, arms, metalic objects) and the negociate in the ports of the occidental africans.

accomplished

The Dutch were not only traders as they were also __ artisans, they crafted in finished products what came from the fields or mines of other countries, and they obtained a substantial benefit from the value that they added to these goods.

monopolistic enterprise

The VOC ( Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or Dutch East India Company) created in 1602, was the most important of a long serie of societies by actions was constituted in the 16th and 17th centuries in several countries by the colonial commerce and what distinguish it from the great multinational enterprises was its caracter of __ .

free

One of the main concern of the capitalism is the idea that at any moment it hasn't been organised essencialy with a free workforce, in order words, the most sensible scandal of capitalism is that at any moment it hasn’t been organised essencialy around a workforce __.

forced work

The exploitation of argent and gold mines sud-americans for the portugais and espaniols in the 16th centuries was based on the __.

Léopold II

The congo colonisation was owned by only one man named __.

quinine

In the 19th century there were three tecnologicas innovations for colonization including : the pharmacy use of __ to struggle against tropical maladies, the guns and canons utilisables on raining days and the vapor ship to remount the reverse river.

european imperialism

The story in the 19th century of the finance of Maroc is striclty influenced by the history of __ in Maghreb.

William Jardine & James Matheson

Created in 1832, William Jardine & James Matheson, befor instaling his headquarter in Hong Kong 1844 and extend over all the china coast.

take

Since 1637, the shoguns of the dynasty Togukawa had closed the country to the european strangers (espagnols, portugais, nederlands, francais and english), this decision did not please the western, used to go where the wanted and this occident impatience amplified that imperialism take europes directors.

Meiji

During the period of european expansion in the entire planet, Japan had discretely suffered a remarkable métamorphose, which culminated when the feudal Togukawa reign of samarai relinquished the place to the __ restauration of 1867.

multinational modern

The central aim of Meiji reformers was the simultaneous preservation of Japan's uniqueness and preparation of its people for a __ world.

pousse, pompe, relevé, tourner

From the 18th century, a succession men with plans of ideals discovered how to use the natural forces to pousse, pompe, relevé, tourner, fondre and briser all type of things.

sinister law, nourrrire

Before de 17th. century nobody was able to modify the sinister law which 80% of the population must cultive what necessary to nourish the rest, they was the absolute necessity to produce plus of nourriture with less man works for que pays launch in other economic enterprises, like la industrialization.

decline

In Europe the population oscillated between growth and decline since centuries.

ouverte

Les enclosures consistaing of closing what until rester ouverte.

accessible

Nature had given to England vast deposits of coal easily accessible.

Earth

The Italian inquisition in 1632 forced Galilee to abjurer his conviction that the sun was the central corp that the Earth.

mathematics

La Royal Society, founded in 1662 encouraged and protected experimentations, the society began by examinined the agricultural praticed of the country, it reunited in in a room the individuals the most deeply implicated in the physics, mechanics and mathematics.

condensateur

James Watt, an écosais mechanics entered in the history when on lui confia un moteur Newcomen a réparer, Watt setonnait du was used was qu’on faisait chauffer, refroidir, and chauffer a nouveau les cilindres of Newcomen managers.

textiles

The spinning jenny and the power loom greatly accelerated the production of __.

gouvernement

To make the economic entirely of the intrusion gouvernement tale.

era

Factory became the symbol of the new ère Industrial, mine work.

partisans

En Allemagne and England virent is a new partisans.

Great

One and other were known as the new German and American, Great.

partir

La plus importante lindustruale from German and America, British, modèles for les.

German

Dans and the best pour in German les.

En

Pour être est plus en is les Germanis, des is les pas de la de une, 150 000 en.

en

German des les, le de pour les et, en les.

produirs

Trafics et les des de et les les.

partout

Américaine des pas les tous les les plus.

a

Pour est des avec et les le.

fin

Il est des, au et un. La de a des au.

milliards

Carnegie , and Rockfeller and des des is un dans des un.

d`affaires

Siemens a ingénieur est des dans Siemens une.

phénomène

Américaine par un consommation en.

magasins

Les en le et. De et de.

gestion

L’entreprise n’est plus dirigée par son propriétaire, mais par un cadre salarie. Unité management en.

entreprises

1895 de la jamais. Entre.

Taylor

Elle aussi entre de Taylor pour

machine

The machine Taylor machine

électiciennes

With westing House from in

automobile

With un automobile and.

France

The en de en is et et en de

Paris

Et in est in une une.

dette

Dans il les est.

Français

Avec la, un pour la en France