metals and reactivity

what is the rhyme to help remember the reactivity series?

Please

Send

Cookies

My

Auntie

Zoe

Is

The

Least

Happy

Cook

Since

Gordon

Passed

what is the reactivity series from most to least reactive?

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Zinc

Iron

Tin

Lead

HYDROGEN

Copper

Silver

Gold

Platinum

metal + water ->

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

what are the safety precautions for the reactions of metals with cold water?

- safety screen

- gloves/goggles

- stand an arms length away

- small piece of metal

- large body of water

which metal is the most reactive with cold water? why?

potassium. has most vigorous reactive as it bursts into a lilac flame.

observations of potassium and water?

1. floats

2. skims across surface

3. burns with lilac flame

4. fizzes

5. heat released

6. eventually disappears

7. forms colourless solution

observations of sodium and water?

1. melts to form ball

2. floats

3. fizzing

4. moves across surface

5. heat released

6. eventually disappears

7. colourless solution formed

observations of calcium and water?

1. sinks

2. fizzing

3. heat released

4. milky solution produced

5. eventually disappears

what is the balanced symbol equation of calcium and water?

Ca + 2H2O -> Mg(OH)2 + H2

observations of magnesium and water?

1. very slow

2. a few bubbles over a long time

what is the balanced symbol equation of magnesium and water?

Mg + 2H2O -> Mg(OH)2 +H2

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in alkaline?

pink

Do the metals below magnesium react with water?

no

metal + steam ->

metal oxide + hydrogen

how is steam produced?

mineral wool is dampened with water and then heated to produce steam

why can water be collected under water?

it is insoluble

what are the observations of magnesium and steam?

1. ribbon burns with bright white light

2. forms white solid

3. heat released

what are the observations of aluminium and steam?

1. protective oxide layer must be removed

2. burns to form white solid

3. heat released

what are the observations of zinc and steam?

1. powder glows yellow

2. cools to white solid

3. heat released

what are the observations of iron and steam?

1. powder glows red

2. forms black solid

what is the balanced symbol equation of aluminium and steam?

2Al + 3H2O -> Al2O3 + 3H2

what is the balanced symbol equation of iron and steam?

2Fe + 3H2O -> Fe2O3 + 3H2

what metal does not react with steam?

copper

metal + oxygen ->

metal oxide

how do you react metal and oxygen?

how the metal with tongs over a blue bunsen flame

describe copper oxide

black powder

describe magnesium oxide

white ash

how do you know copper is not very reactive?

slow reaction, doesn't burst into flame

observations of the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

bright white light, white ash produced

what type of reaction is magnesium and oxygen?

oxidation

observation of potassium and oxygen

burns with lilac flame producing white solid

observation of sodium and oxygen

burns with yellow flame producing a white solid

observation of calcium and oxygen

burns with red flame producing a white solid

observation of magnesium and oxygen

burns with white light producing white solid

observation of aluminium and oxygen

burns only when finely powdered producing white solid

observation of zinc and oxygen

burns producing a yellow solid which becomes white on cooling

observation of iron and oxygen

iron fillings burn with orange sparks producing a black solid

observation of copper and oxygen

red brown copper glows red, there is a blue-green flame and it becomes covered with a black layer

why are some metals more reactive than others?

more reactive metals lose electrons from the outer shell more easily as the attraction to the nucleus is less

displacement reaction

when a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound

Magnesium + copper (||) sulfate -> magnesium sulfate + copper

observations

blue decolourizes (blue copper (||) sulfate is replaced by coloulress magnesium sulfate), red-brown solid forms, heat released

Magnesium + zinc sulfate -> magnesium sulfate + zinc

observations

heat released and solution remains colourless

Magnesium + iron (||) sulfate -> magnesium sulfate + iron

observations

heat released, pale yellow -> colourless

Copper + Magnesium sulfate ->

no reaction

Copper + Zinc sulfate ->

no reaction

Copper + Iron (||) sulfate ->

no reaction

the greater the difference in reactivity the greater the

temperature increase

zinc + copper (||) sulfate -> zinc sulfate + copper

observations

blue decolourizes, red-brown solid produced, heat released

Zinc + Magnesium Sulfate ->

no reaction

zinc + iron (||) sulfate -> zinc sulfate + iron

observations

pale yellow decolourizes, heat released

iron + copper (||) sulfate -> iron sulfate + copper

observations

blue decolourizes, red-brown solid produced, heat released

iron + magnesium sulfate ->

no reaction

iron + zinc sulfate ->

no reaction

are these displacement reactions fast?

no but some are faster than others

how do you write half equations?

if the metal is losing electrons, you put them on the right.

E.g. Mg -> Mg2+ + 2e-

if the metal is gaining electrons, you put them on the left.

E.G. Cu2+ + 2e- -> Cu

how do you know when a displacement reaction has occured?

temperature increase

metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are found where?

as elements in the ground e.g. silver and gold

metals at the top of the reactivity series are found as what?

ores, which contain metal compounds from which the metal can be extracted.

most ores are metal oxides and to extract the metal the oxygen must be removed from it

what metals is the extraction method, electrolysis used?

for any reactive metals above carbon

what metals is the extraction method, reduction with carbon used?

zinc, iron and, copper

Phytomining

the use of plants to absorb metal compounds from soil as part of metal extraction

describe the process of phytomining

1. some plants that are good at absorbing metal compounds from the ground are grown on ground that contains low-grade ores. The metal is removed from the ore and enters the plant.

2. these plants are then harvested, dried and the burned to produce an ash, which is rich in metal compounds

3. an acid (sulfuric acid) is added to the ash and insoluble metal compounds react to produce a solution containing soluble copper compounds. This solution is called a "leachate".

4. the metal can then be obtained by adding scrap iron to the leachate solution and a displacement reaction takes place.

what is the displacement reaction in phytomining?

Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) --> Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

why does a displacement reaction take place in phytomining?

iron is more reactive than copper and will take its place

disadvantage of phytomining

slow

advantages of phytomining

1. reduces need to obtain new ore by mining

2. conserves limited supplies of more valuable ores with higher metal content