Stolypin

Stolypin appointed Minister of Interior

May 1906

Stolypin + 1st Duma

Successfully dealt with hostile demands

Stolypin appointed PM

July 1906

Evidence for Stolypin crushing mutinies immediately after 1905

Took swift action to crush mutinies in Sveaborg and Kronstadt (1906)

Stolypin survives bombing attack

August 1906

Established field court martials

September 1906

Abilities of field court martials

Try and sentence peasants on the spot

Impact of field court martials established September 1906

1,000+ stolypin neckties; 10,000+ exiled stolypin carriages; fewer assassinations

October 1906

Decree makes peasants equal to other classes in terms of legal rights

Imperial decree with the beefy land reforms

9 November 1906

Law of 9 November 1906 established

Right to purchase land in Mir, consolidate as private holdings; expansion of land bank

Law of 9 November 1906 aimed to

Create larger class of loyal kulaks; ‘wager on the strong’

November 1906 other than 9th law

Encourage migration to Siberia, offer incentives to settle there

Result of trying to open up countryside stolypin

4 million went over ½ returned as good land taken by rich land speculators already

Stolypin + second Duma

Failed to find workable majority, they hated his reforms, dissolved in June 1907

June 1907 after dissolving Duma

Imperial decree announced new electoral law so only richest 1/3 of Russia could vote

Stolypin + 3rd Duma

Convened Nov 1907; more moderates; reforms passed; alienated after Zemstvo disagreement

Reforms passed by 3rd Duma

Land reform, social welfare measures e.g. sewers in st Petersburg, military improvements

Late 1906 social reforms

Rules established ‘normal rest’ in many establishments incl shops + offices; tried to remove restrictions on Jewish people, rejected by Tsar

1908

Universal primary education plans; improved health+accident insurance for some workers

1910 Rasputin

Media campaign, Stolypin wanted to ban Rasputin and urged Tsar to cut ties

June 1910

Stolypin wants to spread Zemstvo to Poland, nobles don’t want tax, he pulls A87, alienates Duma

1911

Stolypin shot early September died 4 days later

grain production increased by

1/3

Evidence for industrial improvement

Iron and steel production inc. 50%; by 1914 Russia was 4th largest producer of coal, pig iron and steel

Evidence for poor conditions in cities

Average wages below 1903 levels yet prices had risen

% of peasants who consolidated land

15%

Evidence that there was still opposition to tsar’s regime

Lena goldfields strike; June 1907 Bolshevik train incident 300,000+ roubles dozens killed

Casualties at Lena goldfields

170+

Mutinies in 1906

Kronstadt and Sveaborg

January 1911

Tried to outlaw student demonstrations, leading to university strikes and protests

Why Stolypin encouraged migration to Siberia

Relieve overpopulation in European Russia

Migration to Siberia evidence

Went from around 20,000 households annually to peak at 80-100,000 after reforms introduced

Evidence that 3rd Duma was not representative

Under 20% peasants, 44% nobles compared to 25% nobles in 2nd