Exam 1 Fill in the Blank

An argument is a structured group of ________ intended to perform a rational ________ task.

statements; persuasive

A ________ is a statement, offered as evidence for a ________, which is assumed or taken for granted in a context.

premise; conclusion

A ________ is the statement or claim presented as resulting from the _________.

conclusion; premises

An argument is ________ if it claims that the conclusion must be true if the premises are true.

deductive

An argument is ________ if it claims only a high degree of probability for the conclusion if the premises are true or highly probable.

inductive

An argument is ________ if and only if it is deductive and it is logically impossible for the premises to be true while the conclusion is false.

valid

An argument is ________ if it is inductive and the truth or high probability of its premises makes the conclusion highly probable as well.

inductively strong

A ________ is a reasoning error that occurs because the form or structure of the argument is incorrect.

formal fallacy

A(n) ________ is an error in reasoning based in the content of an argument and not in the argument’s form.

informal fallacy

The central claim of the ________ is that war is sometimes morally permissible.

just war theory

The central claim of ________ is that moral concepts like justice do not apply to war and war-related phenomena.

realism

________ is the view that war is always morally wrong.

pacifism

The rules of ________ are a set of rules that (purport to) determine whether resorting to war in the first place is morally permissible.

jus ad bellum

The internal rules of ________ are a set of rules that a state should (purportedly) follow during war, in connection with its own people.

internal jus in bello

The external rules of ________ are a set of rules that a state should (purportedly) follow during war, in connection with the enemy state and its people.

external jus in bello

The rules of ________ are a set of rules that aim to deal with moral issues related to the termination of war and peace agreements.

jus post bellum

________ is an area of philosophical ethics that contains two components—the philosophical study of goodness and the philosophical study of right action.

normative ethics

The central question of the ________ of right action is, in general, when is an action morally right or morally wrong?

normative ethics

________ is the view that people always choose what they think will bring them the most pleasure or the least pain.

psychological hedonism

________ is the view that the morally right action is the one that maximizes pleasure for all sentient beings.

naive utilitarianism

________ is the view that the morally right action is the one that maximizes pleasure for the actor.

moral hedonism