Ornithology

The list of facts and birds that I will need for the first test.

-iformes

The suffix for a aves class order

-idae

The suffix used for a birds family name

Paleognathae

Sub order of the ratites

Aves super orders

Paleognathae - ratites

Neognathae - all other birdssuperorder classification in birds

Ratites

Struthioniformes

Rhiformes

Casuariiformes

apterygifomres

tinamiformes

Ostriches

Struthioniformes

Largest living bird

fastest running bird

2 toes

Ostriches

Struthioniformes

Rheas

Rheiformes

3 toes

Emu & Cassowaries

Casuariiformes

3 toes with long claws

Emus are mello Cassowaries are NOT

Kiwis

Apterygiformes

Has nostrils at tip of beak and good sense of smell

hair like feathers

lays largest egg to body size ratio

Birds with a good sense of smell

Tinamous

Tinamiformes

can fly but weakly

4 toes

Neognathae

Order of all other birds besides ratites

Waterfowl: ducks geese swans, screamers

Order: Anseriformes

Screamers

Order: anseriformes

Family: anhimidae

rudimentary webs on feet, spurs on wings, no uncinate process, no penis

Magpie goose

Order: anseriformes

Family: anseranatidae

1 species in the family

Feet are only partially webbed

True water fowl

Order: anseriformes

Family: anatidae

3 webbed toes

Has a penis

Dabblers

Waterfowl that will sit high on the water and feed on the surface of the water

Feet are located more center body

Divers

Fully dive under the water to hunt for food.

Sits low on the water

Feet often located further on their back

Tree Ducks

Walks on land

Perches

Tropical

Forages on land or shallow waters

Geese

Ducks

Squeek

Live on water

Eat in water

Fowl: quail, turkey, pheasents, chickens, grouse, peacock

Order: Galliformes

Short round wings, heavy bodies and fat

Strong runners NOT strong fliers

Pigeons and Doves

Order columbiformes

Pigeons and Doves

Order: columbiformes

Produces crop milk (1 out of 3)

Breeding season is year round

Only Order where all species are threatened

Order Mesitorithiformes

Common name: mesites

Mesites

Order: mesitorithiformes

endemic to Madagascar

Nearly flightless

all 3 species are threatened

Sandgrouse

Order: pterocliformes

Breast feathers can hold water

Bustards

Order Otidiformes

Heaviest Extant flying bird

Heaviest extant flying bird

Order Otidiformes

Bustards

Turacos

Order Musophagiformes

Arboreal birds resembling a slim chicken with a long tail and crest

Vegetarian diet

unique pigments

Vegitarian diet in birds

Eats green leaves and fruit not seeds

Cuckoos, roadrunners anis

Order cuculiformes

Zygodactyl feet

many cuckoos are brood parasites

Syndactyl

1 faces back from left to right in front is 2,3,4.

2 and 3 have webbing between these toes

anisodactyl

1 faces back. In front is 2,3,4 from left to right

Heterodactyl

Feet are in an X shape back from left to right is 2,1 then the front are 3,4

zygodactyl

Feet are in an X shape and start from left to right on the back is 1,4 then front is 2,3

pamprodactyl

Toes can all be in front or in an X shape. Toes 1 and 4 are reversable. If all are in front then it goes 1,2,3,4 if they are reversed then in a zygodactyl formation.

How birds toes are decided ( toe 1, 2,3,4)

1 will be the longest going in ascending order

Anisodactyl formation

Syndactyl

Heterodactyl

Zygodactyl

Pamprodactyl

Nocturnal Orders/common names

Goat suckers: Nightjars, poorwills, nighthawks

Order Caprimulgiformes

Cryptic plumage

Tiny bills yet wide open gapes

Rictal bristles

Small legs and feet

Noctural

Rictal Bristles

Mouth feathers

Potoos

Order Nyctibiiformes

Nocternal insectivores

superb camoflauge

Haunting calls that sounds like crying

Echolocation using birds

Oilbird

Order steatornithiformes

Oilbird

Order Steatornithiformes

Noctural , cave dwelling frugivore

echolocation

Nocturnal Birds

Frogmouths

Order Podargiformes

Superb camouflage

Nocturnal insectivores

Owlet-nightjars

Order Aegotheliformes

Nocturnal insectivores

long tail

Swifts & Hummingbirds

Highly aerial

tiny feet cannot walk

Crains, rails, coots

Order: Gruiformes

Wide variation

Shorebirds, gulls, terns, alcids, puffins

Charadriiformes

a very diverse order

3 main groups:

alcids - catch fish underwater

Gulls - dive from above

shorebirds

Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes

Tropical saline waters

Bent filter-feeding bill

Pink coloration depends on diet

Produces crop milk

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes

Divers with lobed toes

Legs set far back on body

Silky feathers

Elaborate courtship displays

nest is a floating platform of vegetation

Carry young on back

eats own feathers

Lobed Feet 1,2,3,4? What is the use?

4. Flat paddle like flaps on toes to help swim in water

Semipalmate

3. Partial webbing used mainly on shorebirds to help running on soft material like sand or mud with out sinking

Totipalmate

2. All 4 toes are webbed used for strong swimmers or divers.

Palmate

1. Toes 2-4 are connected toe 1 is behind the foot.

Better for simi aquatic/land birds

Hoatzin

Order Opisthocomiformes

Entirely herbivorous

Chicks 2 digits have claws

What toes are webbed in palmate?

what toes are webbed in totipalmate

What part of the foot and toes are webbed on a semipalmate?

What toes are webbed/how on a lobed foot?

What bird & order has a horizontal profile?

Sunbittern Order Eurypygiformes

Sunbittern & kagu

Order Eurypygiformes

Sunbitter has short legs and a horizontal profile

Tropic Birds

Order: Phaethontiformes

Loons

Order Gaviiformes

Divers

Sharp heavy bills

Legs set far back on body

swim very low in water

Legs set far back on body

Grebes - Podicipediformes

Loons - Gaviiformes

The 3 orders that produce crop milk?

Pigeons - columbiformes

Flamingos - phenicopteriformes

Male emperor penguins - sphenisciformes

Penguins

Order sphenisciformes

Flightless, yet with distinct keel

Front wings modified into paddles (strong swimmers)

Tube-nosed seabirds, albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels, fulmars, storm-petrels, diving-petrels

order Procellariiformes

Tubular nostrils used to smell and find food

Very long lived

Can drink seawater

Storks

Order Ciconiiformes

no syrinx = mute

Boobies, gannets, cormorants, anhingas, frigatebirds

Order suliformes

Totipalmate feet

Small gular pouch

Birds with totipalmate feet

Boobies,gannets,cormorants, anhingas,frigatebirds - suliformes

Pelicans - pelecaniformes

Pelicans, bitterns, herons, ibises, egrets spoonbills

Pelecaniformes

Waders: neck often bent into an S in flight

Pelicans: totipalmate feet

New world Vultures

Order Cathartiformes

perforate nostrils (can see through them)

Good sense of smell (in some)

Diurnal birds of prey: hawks, eagles, kites, Old world vultures osprey, secretary bird, Osprey

Strong hooked bill and talons

order accipitriformes

Osprey - zygodactyl feet

Birds with Zygodactyl feet

Cuckoos, roadrunners, anis - cuculiformes

Osprey - accipitriformes

Cuckoo-roller - Leptosomiformes

Owls

Order: Strigiformes

large, forward-facing eyes with CONICAL sclerotic ring

Strong hooked beak and talons

2 suborders: Barn owls and typical owls

Strong cultural signifigance

Mousebirds

Order Coliiformes

Small, crested, gray or brown birds with long tails

Pamprodactyl feet

Mainly frugivorous

Birds with Pamprodactyl

Mousebirds - Coliiformes

Cuckoo-roller

Leptosomiformes

Zygodactyl feet

inhabits forests

Males iridescent females are more crypticlaly colored

Trogons, quetzals

Order: Trogoniformes

Richly colored, iridescent plumage, long tail

Short stout bill

small weak heterodactyl feet

Birds with Heterodactyl feet

Trogons & quetzals - Trogoniformes

Hoopoes, wood hoopoes, hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes

Cavity nesters

Syndactyl feet

Birds with Syndactyl feet

Hoopoes,woodhoopoes, hornbills - Bucerotiformes

Kingfishers & allies

Order: Coraciiformes

Burrow-nesters

Woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, honeyguides, jacamars, puffbirds

Order: Piciformes

Highly specilized bills and tail feathers

zygodactyl feet

cavity-nesters

Seriemas

Cariamiformes

found in open habitats

Falcons & caracaras

Order: Falconiformes

Strong hooked bill and talons

tomial tooth on bill (except caracaras)

pointed wings

Parrots macaws lovebirds, cockatoos, etc

Order: Psittaciformes

Hooked beak

zygodactyl feet

highly intelligent

Birds with zygodactyl feet

Parrots, macawas, lovebirds, etc - Psittaciformes