07_Lecture_Presentation (2)- Feb 21

Prokaryotic Cell

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cell

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Organelles

Membrane-bound compartments within cells that perform specialized tasks.

Ribosomes

Macromolecular machines for protein synthesis, composed of RNA and protein.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle with two types, rough and smooth, involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

Lysosome

Recycling centers in animal cells containing enzymes for digestion.

Plasma Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Nucleus

The information storage and processing center of a eukaryotic cell.

Cytoskeleton

A dynamic network of fibers that maintain cell shape and enable movement.

Actin Filaments

Smallest cytoskeletal elements involved in movement and shape of cells.

Microtubules

Largest cytoskeletal elements that serve as tracks for vesicle transport.

Flagella

Long, hair-like projections that move cells.

Cilia

Short, hair-like projections that help in movement and attachment.

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and contains nuclear pore complexes.

Diffusion

Process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory suggesting that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plants responsible for photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles that supply ATP to cells through cellular respiration.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances within the cell.

Nucleoid

Region in prokaryotic cells where chromosomal DNA is located.

Plasmid

Small, circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cells.

Endocytosis

The process by which cells internalize substances by engulfing them.

Exocytosis

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to secrete contents out of the cell.