Botany Exam 3

What are the male parts of maize (corn) called?

Tassels

What are the silks of corn?

Long thread-like styles and stigmas (female parts of the plant)

What’s the primary function of corn silk?

To receive pollen and guide it to the ovule

How do you know if a corn plant has been pollinated?

It becomes plump and juicy

How does the peanut flower get pollinated?

The flower is above the soil and pollinated above the soil

The peanut fruit is grown ___.

underground

Sugarcane is a ___.

Monocot

Where does nicotine originate in tobacco?

The roots and then transported to the leaves

Why does tobacco make nicotine?

As a natural herbicide to defend against herbivores and insects

Medicinal plants are primarily derived from ___ and ____.

Alkaloids/glycosides

What are the two types of glycosides?

Cyanogenic glycosides (cyanide release on breakdown) and cardio active/saponins (steroid is an active ingredient)

T or F: Cardio has an effect on contraction of heart muscle

True

__ is a cardio active glycoside used for treatment of dropsy (congestive heart failure)

Digitallin

Aspirin is from ___ and it is also a ___ known for reducing fever and pain

Willow bark/glycoside

What’s the correlation between gin and tonic and malaria?

Gin and tonic possesses quinine that kills off malaria parasites

Aloe Vera is a glycoside that’s __ contains glycosides that stimulate cell growth

Sap

What class of psychoactive drugs is produced by the poppy plant?

Opium, morphine and heroin

What legal pharmaceutical product once contained heroin?

Bayer company cough syrup

What plant does cocaine come from and where is it native to?

The coca plant, Andes of south America

What’s the difference between spices and herbs?

Spices: roots, bark, seeds, fruits and buds

Herbs: leaves of non woody plants

From what two plant families are herbs derived?

Mint (lamiaceae) and parsley (apiacea)

Where does saffron come from and why is it so expensive?

Saffron crocus and it’s so expensive because it takes 150,000 to 200,000 flowers to make 1kg of saffron

A coffee bean is actually a ___

seed

What does solar radiation do for plants?

It provides energy for photosynthesis and acts as a developmental stimulus

What does PAR stand for?

Photosynthetically active radiation

What’s the overall equation for photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O → Glucose + O2

Where do light reactions occur?

Thylakoid membrane

Where does the oxygen released during photosynthesis come from?

Water

What is photolysis?

Splitting of water using light

What fills the electron hole in photosystem 2?

Electrons from water

The proton gradient in the thylakoid lumen is used to:

Produce ATP

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces __.

ATP only

During which stage of the calvin cycle does carbon fixation occur?

Fixation

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

Stroma

The main product that exits the calvin cycle is:

G3P

Why is Rubisco considered inefficient?

It binds O2 instead of CO2

Photorespiration is considered wasteful because it:

Consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Water moves from high to low ___.

Water potential

The ____ pathway moves water through cell walls only

apoplastic

What does the cohesion theory explain?

Water movement in xylem

Cavitation refers to:

Formation of air bubbles in xylem

What opens the stomata?

Gain of potassium ions

The pressure flow hypothesis explains movement in the ___.

phloem

Sugar moves from source to sink by ___.

Pressure driven bulk flow

Why are companion cells important?

Because they load sugars into phloem