Organ, Functions, and Anatomy

What are the organs of the urinary system

(2) kidneys, (2) ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder

Function: Kidney

produce urine by filtering blood plasma (removing waste products) and reabsorbing nutrients 

Function: Ureter

transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Function: Urinary bladder

stores urine and expels it to the urethra 

Function: Urethra

passes urine from the body to the exterior

What are the functions of the urinary system?

regulation of blood volume and composition

regulation of blood pH

regulation of blood pressure

(metabolism of)

regulates calcium homeostasis

RBC

regulation of blood glucose

(F) Regulation of blood volume and composition

• what hormones are associated?

BV: adjusts by conserving or eliminating water in urine (antidiuretic/mineralocorticoids)

BC: regulating the blood levels or several ions like K+ and Na+ (mineralocorticoids)

The regulation of blood volume and composition thereby regulates?

interstitial fluid and the body

(F) Regulation of blood pressure

• by what system?

through regulating blood volume we also regulate BP

through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 

(F) Metabolism of: Calcium ions balance

regulates calcium homeostasis by producing calcitriol

What is calcitriol?

the active form of vitamin D

(F) Metabolism of: RBC balance

secreted erythropoietin

(F) Metabolism of: Gluconeogenesis

regulation of blood glucose during starvation

Renal Hilum

indentation where ureter, BV, LV, and nerves emerge from 

What are the layers of the kidney (superficial-deep)

renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal sinus

Anatomy: Renal Capsule

• what type of tissue?

• what does it serve and maintain?

outer covering of DICT

serves as a barrier against trauma and helps maintain the shape of the kidney

Anatomy: Renal cortex

• what layer

• What is an extension of it?

outer layer of the kidney 

renal columns, portion of the cortex that extends between the renal pyramids 

Anatomy: Renal medulla

• what layer? what does it consist of?

inner portion of the kidney, consists of all the renal pyramids 

Anatomy: Renal pyramid

• what part of the kidney is it from?

cone shaped tissues of the renal medulla 

Anatomy: Renal papilla

the apex of the renal pyramid

Vocab: Parenchyma

are the functional PORTION of the kidney, consists of the renal cortex and renal pyramid 

Anatomy: Renal Sinus

• what is it?

• what does it contain?

cavity

contains the, minor calyces, major calyces and renal pelvis

Anatomy: (RS) Minor calyces

• what does it receive?

• how many do we have?

receive urine from the papillary duct 

8-18 per kidney 

Anatomy: (RS) Major calyces

• what does it receive?

• how many do we have?

receives urine from the minor calyces 

2-3 per kidney 

Anatomy: (RS) Renal pelvis

• what does it receive?

single large cavity 

receives urine from the major calyces 

When does filtrate become urine? Why?

when filtrate enters the calyces it becomes urine because reabsorption cannot happen anymore 

Singular version of calyces?

calyx

What is the path of urine drainage?

collecting duct → papillary duct of renal pyramid →minor calyx→ major calyx→ renal pelvis→ ureter→ urinary bladder