World War 1

Franz Ferdinand

Was a Hungarian heir who was assaniated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip on June 28th 1914 which then kickstarted WW1

Kaiser William II

The German Emperor and King of Prussia. He was known for aggressive military expansion and aggressive foreign policy and was a key figure to the escalation in the tensions which led to WW1.

Bismarck

A conservative Prussia statesman and was the mastermind behind the unification of Germany. Also set policies to forge the German Empire and establish the first modern welfare state.

Ultimatum

a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation or a breakdown in relations.

Alliance

a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Entente

an informal, friendly understanding, agreement, or diplomatic alliance between two or more nations to cooperate on policies or crises, rather than a formal, binding treaty

Mobilize

the process of assembling and organizing national resources—troops, industrial capacity, and civilians—for active military service during war or emergencies

Total War

a 19th-20th century military conflict concept where nations mobilize all available resources—civilian, industrial, and military—to destroy an enemy's ability to wage war.

Stalemate

from 1914-1918 deadlock on the Western Front where neither side could achieve a decisive victory, resulting in defensive war of attrition

Propaganda

Based or misleading information designed to influence emotions, attitudes, and behaviors, to advance a specific agenda or cause.

Gallipoli

a failed 1915–1916 Allied amphibious assault on the Ottoman Empire, intended to control the Dardanelles Straits, knock Turkey out of the war, and supply Russia.

Schliefen Plan

Was Germanys plan to avoid a two-front war in ww1 by rapidly defeating France in the west before turning to Russia in the east.

Armistice

Was an agreement set on November 11th, 1918 between the Allies and Germany to end the fighting of the Western Front marking the official end of combat.

Treaty of Versailles

The primary peace treaty signed on June 28 1919 ending ww1 between Allied powers and Germany. It included major territory losses, strict military limitations, and massive financial reparations on Germany.

The Big Three

Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau. They discussed the Treaty of Versailles and the conflicting goals regarding the reparations and punishments towards France.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th US president, a leader of the progressive movement, and an academic who led the nation through WW1.

Georges Clemenceau

A dominant French statesmen, physician, and journalist who served as prime minister of France. Was also a pivotal leader during WW1, drove the Allied victory, and was one of the main creators of Treaty of Versailles.

Lloyd George

A Welsh liberal politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and who led the nation to victory in WW1. Was also a key architect of the modern British welfare state and was main leader of the Treaty of Versailles conference.

Self-determination

Was championed by President Woodrow Wilson and was the principle that ethnic groups and nations should have the right to govern themselves independently and choose their own political status. It was established to dismantle the defeated Austro-Hungarain, Ottoman and Russian Empires.

Reparations

Punitive financial payments and in kind goods demanded from the defeated central powers, primarily Germany, by the allied nations to cover civilian damages and war costs.

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilsons principles in order to end WW1 and to ensure lasting global peace. They prosed open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, arms reduction, and national self-determination.

Mandate

a legal temporary administration of former German and Ottoman territories by allied powers and authorized by League of Nations, designed to prepare regions for self governance.

League of Nations

The first worldwide intergovernmental organization established on January 10th 1920, to maintain world peace and prevent later conflicts in the aftermath of WW1