Lecture 4: Molecular basis of inheritance

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8 Terms

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Meiosis I

separates homologous chromosomes

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Meiosis II

separates sister chomatids

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Mendal’s laws and meiosis I

Each individual has two alleles for a gene (one on each homolog). These homologs separate, so each gamete gets only one allele.

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Meiosis

formation of gametes (sex cells: sperm and eggs)

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Diploid cell

two copies of each chromosome

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Haploid cells

one copy of each chromosome

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Haploid

from Greek haploos (single) one set of chromosomes

half the number of chromosomes of diploid

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mutation and theory of evolution by natural selection

Mutation creates the genetic variation that natural selection acts upon; without mutation, evolution by natural selection would not occur.