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Meiosis I
separates homologous chromosomes
Meiosis II
separates sister chomatids
Mendal’s laws and meiosis I
Each individual has two alleles for a gene (one on each homolog). These homologs separate, so each gamete gets only one allele.
Meiosis
formation of gametes (sex cells: sperm and eggs)
Diploid cell
two copies of each chromosome
Haploid cells
one copy of each chromosome
Haploid
from Greek haploos (single) one set of chromosomes
half the number of chromosomes of diploid
mutation and theory of evolution by natural selection
Mutation creates the genetic variation that natural selection acts upon; without mutation, evolution by natural selection would not occur.