The British Isles, Francia, and Spiritual Empire

Monks and laity

Monks brought Christianity to the laypeople

Monastic centers

Centers of authority, resources, and local governance. A religious center with secular functions, demonstrating how monks were involved in local life

Celtic Christianization

Christianity comes about because of monasteries

Abbots and bishops

Bishops were big in the Mediterranean, not so much in Celtic/British world. Abbots become the important entity. Some guys carry both rolesC

Celtic Missionaries

Christianity already present in England, both from Franks and indigenously. Augustine is a one-off missionary, but Celts have their own indigenously formed missionary

Peregrinatio pro Christo

Going out beyond the borders of the Christian world and spreading Christianity, like Patrick

Columbanus 

Monk at Bangore Abbey until he was 40, then he gathered 12 companions and they set out to the continent on a pilgrimage. He linked multiple cultures together, from Franks to Lombards, connecting them to Irish Christianity

Monastery of Luxeuil

Castle that Columbanus gets from a king, where he lives for 20 years

Queen Brunhilda

Columbanus has beef with this queen because he chastises her sons for being whores

Queen Theodelinda

Columbanus is friends with this queen, who gives him the Monastery of Bobbio

Ecgbert of Ripon

Abbot who sent several missionaries to attempt to convert the pagans in Frisia

Willibrord

One of the missionaries sent by Ecgbert. He was an oblate, Anglo-Saxon admirer of Celtic Christianity. Goes into the world of Franks before going to Frisia

Pepin of Herstal

Maior domus who Willibrord talks to, and he agrees to let him spread Christianity to the Frisians

Boniface

Born Winifred. Anglo-Saxon born into a prosperous family whom he defies by becoming a man of the church. Sets off as a missionary to Frisia, joining Willibrord

Charles Martel

War breaks out among the Frisians, and this new maior domus takes over. Boniface confers with him, and he sents him to Rome

Missionary bishops

Bishops who spread Christianity

Donar Oak

Holy tree in the pagan faith that Boniface tried to chop down, and a big wind comes and knocks it down for him. Pagans watching were so in awe they all convertedD

Diocese

Boniface organized Anglo-Saxon world this way, a remnant of the secular Roman world turned church-y

Ragyndrudis Codex

Book that Boniface held up to protect him from vagabonds in Frisia

Abbey of Fulda

Place Boniface is buried

Wilfrid of York

Native Saxon who becomes archbishop of York, struggles with Celtic Christians over issues of how to celebrate Easter, how monks should cut their hair, and other little things. His job is to debate with local Christians, important for him that Celtic Christians are subordinate to Rome

Theodore of Tarsus

Man from what is now the eastern Mediterranean world, Arabs show up in his home, and he flees to Constantinople, then Rome, then gets sent to England and takes over from Augustine of Canterbury. Vaguely Syrian Christian from deeply urban Greek-speaking world wandering around English world, he talks to people and gives them answers

Penitential of Theodore

Theodore’s words and answers are compiled into this

Micro-Christendoms

Different zones with their own unique Christianities

Missionary martyrs

Monks who are missionaries and thus become martyred because they are putting their lives at risk to spread Christianity. The very special most holy people

Latin Christendom

Emergence of one overarching Christendom, martyr missionaries working to create this, fighting against Micro-Christendoms

Early Medieval Mobility

People never stop moving around, how and why they do changes though. Not merchants and legionnaires, but monks