Social Influence and Stress Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts from psychology related to social influence, conformity, attitudes, stress, and interpersonal relationships, providing a comprehensive review for the upcoming exam.

Conformity is changing one’s own behavior to more closely match the actions of __.

others

In Solomon Asch's study, participants conformed to the group's wrong answer of the time.

one third

Gender differences in conformity are generally __, unless the responses are public.

nonexistent

Normative social influence refers to the need to act in ways that we feel will let us be __ and accepted by others.

liked

Informational social influence occurs when we take cues for how to behave from others when we're in a situation that is __.

ambiguous

Groupthink occurs when group members prioritize cohesiveness over considering __ realistically.

facts

Group polarization describes the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take __ positions.

more extreme

Social facilitation refers to the positive impact on the performance of a __ task due to others' presence.

simple/easy

Social loafing is the tendency for people to put __ effort into a task when working in a group.

less

Deindividuation involves a lessening of a person's sense of __ and personal responsibility in a group.

identity

The foot-in-the-door technique involves asking for a small commitment followed by __ requests.

larger

Obedience is a change in behavior due to an __ authority figure.

actual

In Milgram's study, most participants went to the highest shock level, influenced by the __ of the experimenter.

authority

The ABC Model of Attitudes includes Affective, __, and Cognitive components.

Behavioral

Valence in attitudes refers to whether it is __ or negative.

positive

Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort experienced when one's behaviors do not align with their __.

beliefs/attitudes

Impression formation can be heavily influenced by the __ effect.

primacy

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate __ influences on behavior.

dispositional

Prejudice is an __ and often negative attitude about members of a particular social group.

unsupported

Discrimination occurs when prejudicial attitudes lead members of a social group to be treated __ than others.

differently

In-group refers to '__' and out-group refers to 'them.'

us

Microaggressions include minor slights, insults, and __ directed at marginalized groups.

invalidations

Social cognitive theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in understanding the __ world.

social

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice increases when groups are competing for __ resources.

common

Stereotype threat is the anxiety one feels about being __ to a stereotype.

compared

Stereotype vulnerability affects behavior due to awareness of __ associated with social groups.

stereotypes

Interpersonal attraction is largely influenced by __ attractiveness and proximity.

physical

The mere exposure effect suggests that repeated exposure to new stimuli results in __.

liking

In Sternberg's theory, romantic love consists of intimacy and __.

passion

Frustration-aggression hypothesis states that frustration leads to __ behavior.

aggressive

Freud viewed aggression as a __ human instinct.

basic

Social learning theory posits that aggressive behavior can be learned by observing __ models.

aggressive

The Stanford Prison Experiment illustrated the impact of social roles on __ behavior.

aggressive

Prosocial behavior benefits others and is often contrasted with __ behavior.

aggressive

The bystander effect shows that the likelihood of helping decreases as the number of __ increases.

bystanders

Ambiguity in a situation can influence whether bystanders decide to __.

help

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress based on significant life __.

events

Distress refers to __ stressors while eustress refers to positive stress.

unpleasant

Catastrophic events are unpredictable occurrences that cause massive __.

stress

The three stages of general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and __.

exhaustion

Stress can trigger responses in the immune system similar to an __.

infection

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of psychological factors and their effects on the __ system.

immune

Cognitive appraisal theory emphasizes how the way we think about stressors affects how __ they feel.

stressful

Problem-focused coping aims to eliminate the __ causing stress.

source

Emotion-focused coping changes the __ reaction to a stressor.

emotional

Social support plays a significant role in enhancing a person's ability to cope with __.

stress

The tend-and-befriend response is characterized by women forming friendships to mitigate __.

threats

Religious beliefs can provide a sense of __ and a support network during stress.

comfort

Stressors can include daily __, which are minor irritations affecting well-being.

hassles

The Yerkes-Dodson law describes the relationship between task difficulty and optimal level of __.

arousal

High levels of chronic stress can influence the development of cardiovascular and __ diseases.

mental

Social identity theory asserts that people's self-concept is based on their __ with a group.

membership

Hostile attitudes are commonly associated with type __ personalities.

A

The hardy personality encompasses commitment, control, and __.

challenge

A lack of control in stressful situations can lead to increased __.

stress

Emotional reactions can differ based on whether the stressor is __ or external.

internal

Avoidance coping strategies include drug use, social __, and unhealthy eating.

isolation

The relationship between stress and health outcomes is studied in the field of __ psychology.

health

Self-fulfilling prophecies occur when one's expectations influence behaviors that make the expectations more __.

likely to occur

Behavioral medicine combines principles of psychology and __ in understanding health.

medicine

Acculturative stress includes the pressure to change and adapt to a new __.

culture

Integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization are strategies of __ adjustment.

cultural

Social isolation from rejection or disapproval increases levels of __ stress.

chronic

Describing costs versus benefits for helping behavior is part of the decision-making __.

process

Coping strategies that involve changing one's thoughts about stress are referred to as __ coping.

emotion-focused

Positive effects of stress are typically associated with short-term, acute __.

stressors

Social support can create a network of __ that helps individuals cope with stress.

resources

A calm and positive perception of stressful events fosters better psychological and __ resilience.

emotional

People who are altruistic are motivated to help others without expecting __.

rewards

Personality type C is associated with a higher risk for __.

cancer

Type D personalities experience anxiety and chronic feelings of __.

depression

Job stress can stem from lack of __ in decision-making and long hours.

control

Social roles can shape behavior by setting expectations for how to act in specific __.

situations

Individuals often conform to social norms due to __ social influence.

normative

Experiences, cultural interactions, and social conditioning all influence the formation of __.

attitudes

Milgram's study revealed that obedience to authority can result in individuals engaging in __ acts.

harmful

Bystander intervention is influenced by social norms and the presence of other __.

people