Biology Genome 15

Genome

entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA

Karyotype

micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size.

Sex-Chromosome

one of two chromosomes that determines an individual’s sex

Autosome

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome

Sex-linked-gene

 a gene located on a sex chromosome

Pedigree

 a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations

Nondisjunction

error in meiosis in which homologous chromosome fail to separate properly

Restriction-enzymes

enzyme that cuts DNA at sequence of nucleotides

Gel-electrophoresis

procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Genomic-imprinting

process in which epigenetic chemical marks can be passed from one generation to the next in sex-specific way

Huntingtons Disease

Inherited Brain Disorder that caused by mutation in a gene that leads to repetition in DNA and breaks down Nerve cells.

Causes Movement problems, memorization, thinking problems, Mood swings OCD

No cure but treatment drugs and therapy for mental and physical

Trey Gray

Charcot Marie Tooth Disease

• (CMT) disease is an inherited nerve problem. It causes abnormalities in the nerves that supply your feet, legs, hands, and arms. It affects both your motor and sensory nerves. Motor nerves carry signals from your brain to your muscles, telling them to move.

• Symptoms - Muscle weakness, high or flat arches in feet, and numbness or tingling in extremities.

• Treatments - Surgery, physical/occupational therapy, medication for pain, and assistive devices.

• Curable? - No; it is not.

Phenylketonuria

Can be passed down autosomal recessive

Mental retardation

Seizures

Hypopigmentation

Eczema

Needs strict diet to prevent mostly vegetables and fruits

Not curable but treatment are diet plans

Sapropterin and Pegvaliase

Mark Melocon

Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome

Genetic Disorder caused by deletion of genetic material in the short arm of Chromosome 5 and occurs from random event during reproductive cells or in early fetal development

High pitch cat cry, small head weight height etc, weak muscles and hear defect

Treatments Speech,physical, learning therapy

Not Curable

Marfan Syndrome

Mutated FBNI Gene affects tissue and organs

Abnormal long arms,fingers, toes, flat feet, breat bone protruding

Aortic (part of heart) and eye problems

Surgury from breat bone lowed blood pressure medcine

No cure