Exceptional Learners; Unit 3

LD

When did Learning disabilities come about? Who is credited with the term?

-Learning Disabilities came about in the 1960’s

-Dr. Samuel Kirk

When was the Learning Disabilities Act passed?

1969

True or False; LD is the most common type of exceptionality.

True

What percentage of students in special education have IEPs for LD?

50%

What percentage of students in Kansas in special education have IEPs for LD?

35%

“Largest number of students served between ____ with a peak from ____ years of age.”

1; 9-16 years old

2; 10-13 years old

What fraction of males comprise school-age students with LD who receive special education services?

2/3

True or False; The cost of educating a student with LD is 2 times higher compared to a general education student.

False; It cost 1.6 times as much

In 2008, what percentage of students spent 80% or more of their in-school time in a general education classroom?

62%

What was the high school dropout rate of students with LD In 2008? What about in 1999?

2008; 22%

1999; 40%

In 2005, what percentage of adults with LD were employed?

55%

What are the four historical factors common with students who have LD?

IQ-Achievement Discrepancy, Presumption of CNS dysfunction, psychological processing disorders, and not due to environmental disadvantage

True or False; Specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes

True

What are the basic psychological processes?

Sensation, perception, attention, learning, memory

True or False; A child with LD does achieve adequately for the child’s age or meet state-approved grade-level standards.

False; A child with LD does NOT achieve adequately

What are the 5 causal factors for LD?

Neurological factors, heredity, biochemical imbalance, environmental factors, maturational

What does SIT stand for?

Student Improvement Team

What does MTSS stand for, and what does it mean?

A Multi-Tiered System of Support, and is an evidence-based practice for behaviors of 3 tiers

What does RtI stand for?

Response to Intervention

What does PBIS stand for?

Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports

What does CI3T stand for?

Comprehensive integrated 3 Tiers

True or False; Many students with LD are right handed.

False; Many students with LD are left-handed

What are the important characteristics of RtI?

• Screening of all students for academics and behavior

• Continuous performance monitoring of student progress

• Both general education and special education staff are involved

• Systemic, data-based, and includes on-going assessment

What are the academic characteristics of students with LD?

Metacognitive, language, memory, perceptual and motor, handwriting.

Easily distracted, thinking about thinking, slower processing time

What are the social and emotional characteristics of students with LD?

• Struggle to understand social cues

• Poor judgment

• Poor Impulse Control

• Illogical reasons for actions

• Immature

• Inability to develop meaningful relationships

What are 6 broad strategies to help students with LD?

Applied Behavior Analysis, Multisensory Instruction, Cognitive Behavioral self-assessments, minimize stimuli and maximize structure, direct instruction, medical

What are specific strategies for students with LD?

• Minimize distractions

• Break down tasks into smaller steps

• Use concrete materials

• Address study skills

• Frequent check-ins for understanding

• Transitions and Scheduling

What is SQ3R?

Study, Question Read, Recite, Review

What are mnemonic devices?

Acronyms

What does COPS stand for? (Learning strategy)

Capitalization, Overall Appearance, Punctuation, Spe

What does RAP stand for? (Learning Strategy)

Read a paragraph, ask yourself what was the main idea, put main idea in your own words

What is the goal of error analysis?

To identify why the student is making the mistakes.

What are the 3 parts of error analysis?

• Random or careless errors

• Concept formation errors

• Errors due to unlearned concepts

What is the most important part of performance monitoring?

Data collection and record keeping

True or False; The most common test accommodation is extended time

True

What are the three parts interventions should focus on?

• Acquisition of information

• Storage or remembering information

• Expression and/or demonstration of understanding

What are metacognitive skills?

• Knowing how to start a task

• Manage time

• Use resources

• Having a plan of action

• Being flexible

What does CLASH stand for? (Organizational Strategy)

• Check your calendar

• List the items needed

• Always gather materials

• Set your bag by the door

• Have a list in your lock of needed materials

What are 7 different memory aids?

• Mnemonics

• Write it down

• Distributed practice

• Chunking

• Repetition and Recitation

• One-minute timings

• Rhymes and music

What is PIRATE stand for? (test taking)

• Prepare to succeed

• Inspect the instructions

• Read, remember, reduce choices

• Answer the question or skip it

• Turn back and answer questions you skipped

• Estimate your answers