Gluteal Muscles and Thigh External Rotators

Gluteal muscles

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus maximus Origin

Posterior gluteal line, iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

Gluteus maximus Insertion

Iliotibial band (75%) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (25%)

Gluteus maximus Innervation

Inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus maximus Action

Extension and external rotation of thigh

Gluteus medius

Gluteus medius Origin

Area between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Gluteus medius Insertion

lateral surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus medius Innervation

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius Action

Abduction of thigh

Anterior fibers: flex and internally rotate thigh

Posterior fibers: extend and externally rotate thigh

Gluteus minimus

Gluteus minimus Origin

Area between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Gluteus minimus Insertion

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus Innervation

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus Action

Abduction and internal rotation of thigh

Thigh external rotators

pirifirmis

obturator internus

Superior gemellus

Inferior gemellus

Quadratus femoris

Piriformis

Piriformis Origin

Anterior surface of sacrum

Piriformis Insertion

Upper border of greater trochanter

Piriformis Innervation

S1-2

Piriformis Action

External rotation of thigh, abduction when thigh is flexed

Obturator Internus

Obturator Internus Origin

Internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding margin

Obturator Internus Insertion

Trochanteric fossa of femur

Obturator Internus Innervation

Nerve to obturator internus

Obturator Internus Action

External rotation of thigh

Superior gemellus

Superior gemellus Origin

Spine of ischium

Superior gemellus Insertion

tendon of obturator internus

Superior gemellus Innervation

Nerve to obturator internus

Superior gemellus Action

External rotation of thigh

Inferior gemellus

Inferior gemellus Origin

Superior part of ischial tuberosity

Inferior gemellus Insertion

Tendon of obturator internus

Inferior gemellus Innervation

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Inferior gemellus Action

External rotation of thigh

Quadratus femoris

Quadratus femoris Origin

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Quadratus femoris Insertion

Quadrate tubercle

Quadratus femoris Innervation

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Quadratus femoris Action

External rotation of thigh

Muscles of anterior thigh

tensor fasciae latae sartorius

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) Origin

Anterior iliac crest

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) Insertion

Iliotibial tract (IT band)

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) Innervation

Superior gluteal nerve

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) Action

Abduction, flexion, and internal rotation of thigh

Sartorius

Sartorius Origin

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Sartorius Insertion

Pes anserine

Sartorius Innervation

Femoral nerve

Sartorius Action

Extension of leg, flexion of thigh

Rectus femoris

Rectus femoris Origin

Straight head:

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Reflected head: area above acetabulum posteriorly

Rectus femoris Insertion

Base of patella and tibial tuberosity

Rectus femoris Innervation

Femoral nerve

Rectus femoris Action

Extension of leg. flexion of thigh

Vastus lateralis

Vastus lateralis Origin

Intertrochanteric line and lateral lip of linea aspera

Vastus lateralis Insertion

Base of patella and tibial tuberosity

Vastus lateralis Innervation

Femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis Action

Extension of leg

Vastus medials

Vastus medials Origin

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

Vastus medials Insertion

Base of patella and tibial tuberosity

Vastus medials Innervation

Femoral nerve

Vastus medials Action

Extension of leg

Vastus intermedius

Vastus intermedius Origin

Proximal anterior surface of femur

Vastus intermedius Insertion

Base of patella and tibial tuberosity

Vastus intermedius Innervation

Femoral nerve

Vastus intermedius Action

Extension of leg

Muscles of medial thigh

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

Pectineus

Pectineus

Pectineus Origin

Pecten pubis

Pectineus Insertion

Pectineal line

Pectineus Innervation

Femoral nerve

Pectineus Action

Adduction and flexion of thigh

Gracilis

Gracilis Origin

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Gracilis Insertion

Pes anserine

Gracilis Innervation

Anterior division of obturator nerve

Gracilis Action

Adduction of thigh, flexion of leg, medial rotation of flexed leg

Adductor longus

Adductor longus Origin

body of pubis

Adductor longus Insertion

Middle of linea aspera

Adductor longus Innervation

Anterior division of obturator nerve

Adductor longus Action

Adduction and flexion of thigh

Adductor brevis

Adductor brevis Origin

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Adductor brevis Insertion

Proximal linea aspera

Adductor brevis Innervation

Anterior division of obturator nerve

Adductor brevis Action

Adduction and flexion of thigh

Adductor magnus

Adductor magnus Origin

Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity

Adductor magnus Insertion

Adductor fibers: Upper portion of linea aspera

Hamstring fibers: Lower linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle

Adductor magnus Innervation

Adductor fibers: Posterior division of obturator nerve

Hamstring fibers: tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Adductor magnus

Adduction of thigh,

adductor fibers flex the thigh, hamstring fibers extend the

thigh

Obturator Externus