APUSH Period 7 Part 4 IDs

FDR’s 3 R’s for the New Deal

Relief, which involves helping people directly, recovery, which involves restarting U.S. economy, and reform, which prevents future economic issues

“Brain Trust”

Smart economic experts that helped FDR assemble his New Deal

Bank Holiday/Emergency Banking Act

A 4-day bank holiday as part of the New Deal that was made to directly relieve banks while the Emergency Banking Act allowed financial experts to inspect banks for their stability in order to move toward their reopening

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

An act in the first new deal that creates the FDIC to ensure a certain amount of money will be in banks, also separated investment and consumer banks

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

An act from the first new deal that gave straight-up relief to people and families who needed money through subsidies, also provided literacy or job skill classes and provided vaccination clinics

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

An organization created by the Glass-Steagall Act that ensured a certain amount of money would be in banks for people to withdraw

National Labor Relations Act (NLRB/Wagner Act)

An act and organization created in the second new deal that provided more government oversight between labor unions and their employers, also protects workers rights to unionize

Eleanor’s Role

Eleanor became the face of FDR’s presidency as she traveled a lot to interact with people and programs while FDR was immobilized with polio

Public Works Administration (PWA)/Harold Ickes

An organization created in the first new deal with its corresponding head that created large construction projects in order to give people jobs

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

An organization created in the first new deal that paid farmers to grow less crops and destroy surplus crops and livestock, ruled unconstitutional in 1936 as an overreach of federal authority

Farm Credit Act (FCA)

An act created in the first new deal that provided farmers with easily accessible low-interest loans

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

An act created in the first new deal that coordinated industries to stop overproduction, reduce inefficiency, and produce fair priced goods, also creates the NRA

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

An organization created in the first new deal that offered more jobs by providing city beautification projects

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

An organization created in the first new deal that employed people in the Tennessee Valley area with damming up rivers in order to provide the area with jobs, water, and electricity

Works Progress Administration (WPA)/Harry Hopkins

An organization created in the second new deal that employed around 8.5 million people towards repairing government buildings, also gave grants to art institutions in order to rebuild American culture

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

An organization created in the first new deal that offered new jobs by creating infrastructure projects

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

An agency created in the second new deal that regulates the stock market

Social Security Administration (SSA)

An act created in the second new deal that made people pay a portion of their income into social security, which gives payments to people who are 65+ years of age

Federal Communication Commission (FCC)

An organization created in the second new deal that regulates the radio and eventually the television to ensure that broadcasted communications are truthful

Classical Liberalism

Economic policy that favored laissez fair production to business and economic enterprise and focused on individual responsibility as the primary component of economic well-being

Conservatism

A policy that favored laissez-faire approaches to economics and believed that people were responsible for their own economic fate

FDR Liberalism

Economic policy believing in more government regulation and a generous social safety net for the poor

Father Charles Coughlin

A critic of FDR who believed that the New Deal had not gone far enough to ensure economic equity for the American people

Huey Long and “Share Our Wealth”

An FDR critic and his corresponding program that preached for the nationalization of banks, the provision of pensions, benefits, and homes for the needy, and extensive government investment into infrastructure

Francis Townsend

A critic of FDR who wanted the president to guarantee old-age monthly pension payments to every American older then 60, known as his Townsend Plan.

AFL/CIO

The Congress of Industrial Organizations broke off from the conservative and craft-oriented AFL to form a new national workers’ organization which gained in popularity after a successful strike against GM with the United Automobile Workers (UAW) union

Fair Labor Standards Act

An act that created the modern minimum wage after the GM strike by the UAW

Aid to Dependent Children

The SSA was also able to provide economic aid to assist both the elderly and dependent children

Schecter v. U.S.

A Supreme Court Case that ruled the NIRA and the NRA unconstitutional as an overreach of federal power

Court-Packing Scheme

FDR called for legislation to allow him to expand the court by appointing a new-younger justice for every sitting member over age 70 in order to silence the more conservative members of the court, never happened

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

An organization created in the first new deal that worked to expand dam projects created from the TVA to provide cheap electricity to farms and homes across rural America

Indian Reorganization Act

An act created to help grant some Native American tribes greater autonomy by helping them effectively manage their own affairs

Change of Democratic Party

As FDR continued to prove himself as an ally, Americans grew to trust the party more, increasing their loyal supporters, which mostly contained immigrants

Good Neighbor Policy

Policy pushed by FDR that would reduce American domination in Latin America while still providing economic assistance, improving our relations

Pan-Americanism

The concept of bringing together all countries of the Americas to keep us on the same team, rejecting the Roosevelt Corollary and endorsing non-intervention

Lebensraum

The need to expand territorially in order to build an empire

Kristallnacht

The “night of broken glass” where many Jews were violently treated with raiding, persecution, and even killings in Germany, marking the start of violent treatment toward Jews

Sudetenland

The outer edge of Czechoslovakia that Hitler wants to take as discussed in the Munich Conference

Munich Conference

A conference between Britain, France, and Hitler where Hitler plans to take the Sudetenland and then cease expanding, Britain and France appease to avoid war

Rise of Mussolini and Ethiopia

Benito Mussolini became the leader of the fascist party in Italy and attacked and took over Ethiopia in 1935 as a show of strength

Japan and Manchuria

Manchuria is the first country Japan starts annexing under Hideki Tojo’s rule in order to grow resources

Stimson Doctrine

A doctrine released by the U.S. saying that it will not recognize another country Japan takes over force, Japan continues its rampage regardless

Quarantine Speech

FDR calls for a quarantine of Japan, cutting them off from economic relations and political relations, Americans dislike it in favor of total neutrality

Nye Investigation

A committee in the Senate that investigated our involvement in WWI, says we joined to make money, which encouraged American neutrality

Neutrality Acts

Acts passed that dictated that the U.S. cannot sell arms to belligerent nations (1935), cannot loan money to any country at war (1936), and cannot interfere in the Spanish Civil War (1937)

Non-Aggression Pact

A pact between Stalin and Hitler where they would not attack each other in WWII

Blitzkrieg

Also known as “lightning warfare”, the German strategy of making exceedingly quick invasions with massive displays of force to give opponents no time to respond

“Cash and Carry” Basis

Says that we can sell arms to fighting countries, however, it must be paid up front and on those countries vessels

Battle of Britain

A fight between Britain and the German Luftwaffe in the skies that Britain won despite having less planes, which spared Britain from German invasion

Burke-Wadsworth Act

Also known as the Selective Training and Service Act, started the draft for WWII

Destroyers for Bases Deal

The U.S. gives Britain our old destroyer ships in exchange for the right to build some bases on British territory

Lend-Lease Bill

Exclaims that we will lend weapons without pay to Britain, kicks us out of the Great Depression by allowing industry to return to full swing

America First Committee

An organization that advocated for American neutrality, headed by E.E. Cummings, Gerald Nye, and Charles Lindbergh

Operation Barbosa

The German invasion of the USSR, formerly breaking the Soviet non-aggression pact

Atlantic Charter

Churchill and FDR hold a conference to talk about want happens next if the allied powers win, talk about free trade, self-determination, and working together to shape the world after the war

Japanese Leadup to Pearl Harbor

Japan joins the Axis Powers and we embargo their steel and iron sales, then Japan takes over Indochina and we embargo their credit and oil, harming them greatly, and then Tojo takes full control of Japan and American intelligence knows that they plan to attack

Attack on Pearl Harbor

On Dec 7, 1941, our naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii is attacked, killing 2,000 Americans in the ambush and prompting our involvement in WWII

Appeasement

Giving in to the demands of an aggressor

Fireside Chats

Radio talks where FDR would get on the radio and talk to the public about the economy and later foreign policy and what his plans were to help the nation in those regards, building trust with the American people as a result